Weather Flashcards
1
Q
Air ________ is the measure of the average kinetic energy of molecules in the air. Molecules in warm air move _________ than molecules in cooler air.
A
temperature
faster
2
Q
_______ is the pressure that a column of air exerts on the air or surface below it.
A
air pressure
3
Q
air pressure decreases as altitude ________
A
increases
4
Q
A(n) ________ is an instrument used to measure air pressure.
A
barometer
5
Q
______ is caused by air moving from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure.
A
wind
6
Q
In a south wind, the wind is coming from the ______
A
south
7
Q
The instrument used to measure wind speed is a(n) _____
A
anemometer
8
Q
The amount of h2o vapor in the air is ____
A
humidity
9
Q
When air is ________, it holds the max amt of h2o vapor possible at that ______
A
saturated
temperature
10
Q
______ is the amt of h2o vapor in the air compared to the max amt of h2o vapor the air can hold at that temp
A
relative humidity
11
Q
Relative humidity is reported as a(n) ______
A
percent
12
Q
When air near the ground becomes saturated, the water vapor condenses into a liquid and forms ________
A
droplets
13
Q
If the temp is below 0 degrees celcius, ice crystals, referred to as ______, form
A
frost
14
Q
The temp at which air becomes fully saturated because the temp decreases while the amt of moisture stays constant is the _______
A
dew point
15
Q
as warm air rises in the atmosphere, it ______
A
cools
16
Q
When the air cools enough that the ______ is reached, small droplets of water form
A
dew pt
17
Q
______ are water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the atmosphere
A
clouds
18
Q
______ is a cloud that forms near E’s surface
A
fog
19
Q
_____ clouds are flat, white, and layered
A
stratus
20
Q
_____ clouds are fluffy and are present at 2,000 to 6,000 m altitude
A
cumulus
21
Q
_____ clouds are wispy and are present above 6,000 m altitude
A
cirrus
22
Q
_____ is water, in liquid or solid form, that falls from the atmosphere
A
percipitation
23
Q
Precipitation that falls as liquid water is ____
A
rain
24
Q
Precipitation that is solid crystals of ice is ___
A
snow
25
Precipitation that starts as snow and then melts and freezes again is called _____
sleet
26
_______ is precipitation formed when ice pellets rise and fall within a cloud, adding new layers of ice during each cycle
hail
27
The ______ is the series of natural processes in which water continually moves among oceans, land, and the atmosphere
water cycle
28
water enters the atmosphere as h2o vapor when liquid h2o on E's surface _____
evaporates
29
As h2o vapor cools, it _______, forming liquid h2o
rises and condenses
30
Clouds produce _____, which is when liquid or frozen h2o falls to E's surface
precipitation
31
the atmospheric conditions, along with short-term changes, make up the ______ of a certain place at a certain time
weather
32
scientists who study and predict weather are ____
meteorologists
33
A(n) _______ is a large body of circulating air that has low pressure at its center and higher pressure on the outside
low-pressure system
34
Air moves from _______ pressure to low pressure
high
35
In a low-pressure system, air moves away from the _______ of the system
center
36
Air in the center of the system ______, and the water vapor in it condenses and forms clouds
rises
37
A(n) ________ is a large body of circulating air that has high pressure at its center and lower pressure on the outside
high-pressure system
38
High-pressure air at the center _______ and moves toward low-pressure areas
sinks
39
High-pressure systems bring _____ skies
clear
40
______ are large bodies of air that have distinct temperature and moisture characteristics.
air masses
41
An air mass forms when a(n) ______ system lingers in one area for a few days.
high pressure
42
Continental polar air mass are ____ and _____
fast moving
| dry
43
_____ air masses are warm and humid
Maritime Tropical
44
_____ air masses are very cold and dry. They form over ______ or arctic ice
Arctic
| Siberia and the Arctic?
45
A weather ______ is the boundary between two air masses
front
46
A(n) ______ front forms when a colder air mass moves toward a warmer air mass. It often brings severe ______ and cooler temperatures
cold
| storms
47
A(n) ______ front forms when a warmer air mass moves toward a cooler air mass
warm
48
As the warm air rises, h2o vapor condenses, and ______ often occurs
rain
49
A warm front brings ______ temperatures and shifting winds
warm
50
A(n) ______ front forms when the boundary between two air masses stalls. It brings _____ skies and light rain.
stationary
| cloudy
51
A low-pressure system can provide the warm temps, moisture, and rising air needed for a(n) _____ to form
thunderstorms
52
The ______ stage of a thunderstorm starts with cloud formation and updrafts
cumulus
53
The _______ stage of a t-storm contains heavy winds, rain, and lightning
mature
54
During the _____ stage of a t-storm, wind and rain subside.
dissipation
55
Lightning is caused by oppositely ______ particles in clouds and on the ground.
charged
56
A violent, whirling column of air that contacts the ground is a(n) ____
TORNADO!
57
The atmospheric conditions, along with short-term changes, make up the ________ of a certain place at a certain.
weather
58
Tornadoes form when updrafts from thunderstorms begin to ________
rotate
59
_______ is the name for the part of the United States that has the most tornadoes
Tornado Alley
60
A(n) _______ is an intense tropical storm with winds exceeding 119 km per hour
Hurricane
61
hurricanes typically form in late summer over warm, tropical _______ and are the largest type of severe storm
oceans
62
When a hurricane moves over land or _______ water, it loses energy
colder
63
A(n) ______ is a severe winter storm, characterized by freezing temps., strong winds, and blowing snow
blizzard
64
The United States National Weather Service issues a(n) __________ when severe weather is possible. It issues a(n) ________ when severe weather is already occuring
watch
| warning
65
Meteorologists measure ______ before making a forecast
conditions
66
A(n) _______ describes a set of weather measurements made on Earth's surface
surface report
67
Measurements include temp, air pressure, humidity, precipitation, and wind _______ and _______
speed
| direction
68
A(n) _________ describes wind, temp, and humidity conditions above Earth's surface
upper-air report
69
A(n) ______ is a package of weather instruments that are carried into the atmosphere by a weather balloon
radiosonde
70
Satellites provide weather information by measuring the _______ given off by Earth and by taking photographs.
infrared energy
71
_______ images provide information about cloud height and temperature
infrared
72
_______ is a special form of radar that can be used to detect precipitation and approximate wind speeds
doppler radar
73
The ______ model displays many weather measurements for a specific location. It appears on ______
station
| the book don't say where it appears
74
Weather maps have ________, which are symbols made up of lines that connect places that have equal air pressure. These lines give information about _____
isobars
| wind-speed
75
_______ are lines that connect places that have the same temp
isotherms
76
_______ are represented as lines w/ symbols on them
fronts
77
Modern weather forecasts are made with the help of ________
computer models
78
_______ are detailed computer programs that solve a set of complex mathematical formulas. The formulas predict _______, winds, precipitation, and types of clouds.
computer models
| temperatures
79
series of processes through which water moves around the globe
water cycle
80
the amt of h2o vapor in the air compared to the max possible amt of h2o vapor the air can contain at that temp
relative humidity
81
energy an object has because of its motion
kinetic energy
82
atmospheric conditions at a certain place and time
weather
83
a quantity that can be changed
variable
84
a force exerted by a column of air
air pressure
85
the amt of h2o vapor in the air
humidity
86
boundary at which h2o vapor becomes liquid h2o
dew point
87
_______ includes rain, snow, and sleet
precipitation
88
a large body of circulating air with high pressure at its center and lower pressure outside of the system
high-pressure system
89
a large body of circulating air with low pressure at its center and higher pressure outside of the system
low-pressure system
90
a large area of air that has uniform temperature, humidity, and pressure
air mass
91
a boundary between two air masses
front
92
a violent, whirling column of air in contact with the ground
TORNADO!
93
an intense tropical storm with winds exceeding 119 km/hr
hurricane
94
a violent winter storm characterized by freezing temperatures, strong winds, and blowing snow
blizzard
95
a description of a set of weather measurements made on Earth's surface
surface report
96
a description of wind, temperature, and humidity conditions above Earth's surface
upper-air report
97
a specialized type of radar that can detect precipitation as well as the movement of small particles, which can be used to approximate wind speed
Doppler radar
98
lines that connect all places on a map where pressure has the same value
isobar
99
detailed computer programs that solve a set of complex mathematical formulas
computer model
100
what instrument measures air pressure
barometer
101
what is air pressure measured in
millibars
102
what measures wind speed
anemometer
103
what is humidity measured in
grams of water per cubic meter of air (g/m^3)
104
what instrument measures relative humidity
psychrometer
105
what is relative humidity measured in
percent
106
list steps of wate cycle
evaporation, condensation, precipitation
107
clouds form when water changes from _____ to ______
gas to liquid
108
what type of precipitation reaches Earth's surface as large pellets of ice
hail
109
what kind of clouds are wispy and at high altitudes
cirrus
110
what sinking air situation usually brings fair weather?
high-pressure system
111
what diagram shows surface weather measurements?
a station model
112
what does doppler radar measure?
The speed at which precipitation travels
113
What else should you do to study?
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