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Weather Theory COPY Flashcards

1
Q

What is Low Pressure Mean?

A

1) Baqd Weather
2) Pressure is higher than standar 1013 hPA/22.92
3) Air is Less Dense
4) Air will rise and will reach cold air
5) COndensate and clouds will form

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2
Q

How high Pressure Occur?

A

1) Air becomes colder

Pressure is higher than standar 1013 hPA/22.92

3)Air is more dense. Air will fall down and more stable

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3
Q

What is the wind direction in Low pressure area and HIgh Pressure area?

A

Low Pressure: Counter Clock

High Pressure: Clock direction

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4
Q

What is a Front?

A
  1. A boundary between air masses having different temperature and moisture content.
  2. Often a “line of confrontation” with serious flying hazards.
    1. When you cross it, weather will change.
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5
Q

What to expect on Cold Front?

A
  1. Colder air slips beneath and overtakes warmer air.
  2. Cold Air is coming
  3. Wind speed is higher
  4. The leading edge of a cold air mass overtakes and replaces warmer air at the surface. Cold fronts generally move faster and have a steeper slope than warm fronts.
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6
Q

In a cold front, explain the: Winds/clouds/precipitation

A

Temperature decrease; by a wind shift from a southerly to a northwesterly direction; and, on occasion, by gusty winds.

Convective clouds often develop in the warm air ahead of the front.

The warm and wet ground behind the front generates low-level convection and fairweather cumulus in the cold air.

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7
Q

Fast-moving cold front

A

Very steep slopes and narrow bands of clouds, usually found ahead of the front.

Showers and thunderstorms develop along the surface position, and a line of thunderstorms (squall line) frequently develops ahead of the front.

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8
Q

What is the cause of Slow-moving cold front?

A

Less steep slopes and cloud systems that may extend far to the rear of the surface position of the front.

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9
Q

What to expect from warm Front?

A
  1. Warmer air rides above and overtakes cooler air.
  2. Possible Thnderstorms
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10
Q

What to exepct from occluded front?

A

1) When the cold front overtakes warm front
2) Thunderstorms
3) Other event depending on air temprature

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11
Q

What is stationary front?

A

1) Front doesn’t move
2) A lot of Rain

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12
Q

What is a Wind Chart? and read the follwoing:

A
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13
Q

What is the direction of the wind?

A

From top of the flag and direction got he poll.

From 90 to 270

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14
Q

What is a Significant Weahter Chart?

A

forecasts of weather conditions at specified valid times.

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15
Q

What is the Standard TIme and Daylight savings time in Florida?

A

4 Hours in Daylight Saving

5 Hours in Standard

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16
Q

CHANGES IN OUR ATMOSHERE OCCUR BECAUSE OF THE______

A

CHANGES IN OUR ATMOSHERE OCCUR BECAUSE OF THE SUN

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17
Q

Atmosperic Pressire in Millibars and Inches of mercury

A

Standard Pressure of 29.92 inches of mercury and also as 1013.2 millibars of pressur

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18
Q

What is “Convective Heating and Cooling.”?

A

TEMPERATURE RISES WHEN HOT AND FALLS WHEN COOL

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19
Q

The density of air has significant effects on the aircraft’s performance because as air becomes less dense, it reduces

A
  • Power because the engine takes in less air.
  • Thrust because a propeller is less efficient in thin air.
  • Lift because the thin air exerts less force on the airfoils.
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20
Q

Effect of Pressure on Density

A

Since air is a gas, it can be compressed or expanded. When air is compressed, a greater amount of air can occupy a given volume.

If the pressure is doubled, the density is doubled; if the pressure is lowered, the density is lowered.

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21
Q

Effect of Temperature on Density

A

Increasing the temperature of a substance decreases its density. Thus, the density of air varies inversely with temperature. This statement is true only at a constant pressure

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22
Q

Effect of Humidity (Moisture) on Density

A

Water vapor is lighter than air; consequently, as the water content of the air increases, the air becomes less dense, increasing density altitude and decreasing performance.

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23
Q

What is a RIdge and Trough and Ridge?

A

Elongated area of high pressure is called a “Ridge

Elongated area of low pressure is called a “Trough”

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24
Q

What is an Isobar? How to interpert?

A

Isobars and Pressure Gradients Difference in pressure create WIND.

The closer the isobars the higher the winds.

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25
Which direction does the wind move?
High Pressure to Low Pressure
26
Convective currents cause the bumpy, turbulent air sometimes experienced when flying at lower altitudes during warmer weather. On a low altitude flight over varying surfaces, updrafts are likely to occur over pavement or barren places, and downdrafts often occur over water or expansive areas of vegetation like a group of trees. Typically, these turbulent conditions can be avoided by flying at higher altitudes, even above cumulus cloud layers.
27
What is a Convective Current and when do they occur?
1. localized vertical air movements, both ascending and descending. 2. Convective currents are most active on warm summer afternoons when winds are light. 3. Because of uneven heating, the strength of convective currents can vary considerably within short distances. 4. Extend several thousand feet
28
What does a Convective currents cause?
turbulence, especially at low altitudes.
29
Explain the Following
Turbulence on approach can cause abrupt changes in airspeed and may even result in a stall at a dangerously low altitude. To prevent the danger, increase airspeed slightly over normal approach speed.
30
What is the mountains connection with the winds?
While the wind flows smoothly up the windward side of the mountain and the upward currents help to carry an aircraft over the peak of the mountain, the wind on the leeward side does not act in a similar manner. As the air flows down the leeward side of the mountain, the air follows the contour of the terrain and is increasingly turbulent.
31
What are the Effect of Obstructions on Wind and Why is it important for the pilots?
1) Obstructions on the ground affect the flow of wind and can be an unseen danger. 2) Ground topography and large buildings can break up the flow of the wind and create wind gusts that change rapidly in direction and speed. T
32
What is a Valley Breeze and Mountan Breeze?
Look the the picture and remeber the SUN heating/
33
What is a Lapse Rate
Temp change every 1000 for -2C
34
What is the standard temrature at sea level?
15 C or 59 F
35
What is the connection between Pressure, Altitude and Temprature?
Rising air expands and cools due to the decrease in air pressure as altitude increases. Descending air; as atmospheric pressure increases, the temperature of descending air increases as it is compressed.
36
What is stability of Air? How is it in Florida
Stability is the resistance to vertical motion. Florida is not a stable environment except during winter.
37
What is The dry adiabatic lapse rate?
The dry adiabatic lapse rate (unsaturated air) is 3 °C (5.4 °F) per 1,000 feet. If a parcelof air is lifted, its pressure is DECREASED, sincepressure decreases with height, and its temperature fallsdue to the expansion
38
What is inversion?
Inversion layers are commonly shallow layers of smooth, stable air **close to the ground.** The **temperature of the air increases** with altitude to a certain point, which is the top of the inversion. The **air at the top of the layer acts as a li**d, keeping weather and pollutants trapped below. If the relative humidity of the air is high, it can **contribute to the formation of clouds, fog, haze, or smoke,**resulting in diminished visibility in the inversion layer.
39
Characteristics of stable air For; Clouds Turbulance Visibility Precipitation
Clouds:Stratiform (flat, layered) Turbulance: Little Visibility:Poor Precipitation:Steady
40
Characteristics of unstable air Clouds Trubulence Visibility Precipitation
1. Clouds: Cumuliform (billowy,cumulus) 2. Trubulence:Strong 3. Visibility: Good 4. Precipitation: Showery
41
What is Evaporation?
Lequid to Vapor
42
CONDENSATION
Vapor to Liquid
43
SUBLIMATION
Ice to Vapor
44
DEPOSITIONVapor to Ice
Vapor to Ice
45
FREEZING
Water to Ice
46
MELTING
Ice to Water
47
What is humidity? and what is Realtive Humidity?
1. Amount of moisture in air. 2. “Relative Humidity” is the actual moisture compared to the total that could be present in the air.
48
What is DEWPOINT?
Temperature where air can no longer hold water (just above +4F, expect fog)
49
What are the hight of the clouds? Low Level Mid Level High Level
1. Low Level clouds – SL to 6,500 feet 2. Middle Level clouds – 6,500 to 20,000 feet (clouds usually prefixed “alto” 3. High Level clouds – above 20,000 feet (clouds always cirrus [cirroform])
50
Explain the following
51
What is a radiation Fog?
1. forms in low-lying areas on clear, calm, humid nights 2. in stable air associated with high pressure systems. 3. Dissipates with rising sun.
52
What is an Advection Fog?
1. Warm moist air moving over a cooler surface Wind is required to form advection fog. 2. Up to 15Kts intensifies, above lifts to form stratus clouds.
53
What is Upslope Fog?
1) Warm moist air forced up a sloping land mass. 2) Can stay for days. 3) They can also extend to greater heights than radiation fog.
54
What are the types of the precipitation?
Drizzle (less than .02 inches in diameter Rain (equal or greater than .02 inches. Virga – Rain that evaporates before reaching the ground.
55
What is an Ice Pellet?
Ice Pellets usually are associated with inversions when precipitation at the higher level falls down to lower temperatures below and begin to freeze into small ice pellets. EXPECT FREEZING RAIN ABOVE !!! Also-most often associated with warm fronts rather than cold fronts.
56
What is the couse of Hail ?
is caused by vertical cloud development
57
What is needed for formation of thunderstroms?
1) Source of lift (heating, fast-moving front) 2) unstable air (nonstandard lapse rate) 3) high moisture content (temp/dew point close
58
Explain the follwoing:
Updraft Mature Stage Dissipating Stage
59
What are the results of a thunderstroms\>
Squalls, Tornados, Turbulence Icing, Hail, Ceilings, Engine water ingestion, Lightning.
60
What will tell you if there is a thunderstrom?
Convective Outlook, Low Level Prognostic Charts, AIRMETs, SIGMETs, PIREPS
61
What is the distance you need to keep when there is a tunderstorm?
STAY 20 MILES FROM ACTIVE CELLS
62
What are the top 6 weather hazards on the airplanes?
1. Wind Shear 2. Icing 3. Thunderstorms 4. Wake Turbulence 5. Microbursts 6. Turbulance
63
What is a low level turbulance?
Low Level Turbulence (usually less than 15,000 ft)
64
What are the differences between Light, Moderate and Clear Air Turbalance?
LIGHT TURBULENCE: Causes slight, erratic changes in altitude and/or altitude. MODERATE TURBULENCE: Expect where vertical wind shear exceeds 6 kts’100 ft. CLEAR AIR TURBULENCE (CAT) is a high-level phenomena above 15,000 AGL and not associated with cumuliform cloudiness.
65
What is a Windshear?
A change in wind direction and/or speed within a short distance in the atmosphere. It can be both a vertical and horizontal direction.
66
When can you expect WindShear?
during periods of strong temperature inversion and thunderstorms.
67
How do you feel windshaer during an approach?
changes in power and vertical velocity required to remain on the proper glide path
68
Windshear and Stall Connection
decrease in wind velocity. You could suddenly STALL. While approaching for landing when either possible wind shear or convective turbulence is indicated, you should increase approach airspeed slightly above normal to avoid stalling
69
What is a Wake Turbulance?
disturbance in the atmosphere that forms behind an aircraft as it passes through the air.
70
What are the types of Icing?
RIme Clear Mixed Frost
71
What is a rime ice?
-15 to -20 c Rough, milky, opaque ice formed by instantaneous freezing of small super cooled water droplets. Similar in appearance as FROST – ALWAYS REMOVE FROST BEFORE FLIGHT
72
What is Clear icing?
A glossy, clear or translucent ice formed by the relatively slow freezing of large super cooled water droplets.
73
You see ice pellets, what is that mean?
Caution: Ice pellets below good indication of super cooled water droplets above – serious icing hazard.
74
What is Mixed ICe?
-10 to -15 c Mixture of rime and clear ice.
75
What is Frost?
Temperature & dew point lower than freezing

Weather (19 decks)

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