Weather Reports & Forecasts Flashcards
Official source of weather in UK
MET OFFICE
What is the % chance of weather being different to what the Met forecast
15%
What are 6 details in particular the Met forecast will provide
Remember the phrase
- Wind - Direction & Strength
- Cloud - Type, amount, level
- Icing & Turbulence
- Visibility
- Frontal Systems - Position and speed
- Trends - short term
Trendy turublent wind clouds visibly ice on the front
The name for a regional forecast previously known as airmet
GAMET
Where was an AIRMET obtained
MET OFFICE WEBSITE
What 3 things does a GAMET provide
- Regional
- Text
- Outlook
- Regional weather forecast (Geographic)
- Textual description
- Current weather and outlook
What is the normal forecast validity of an F215
9 HOURS
REMEMBER: Odd numbers not divisable by 2
2 15 = 9
where 1, 5 and 9 are not divisible by 2
What level does a form F215 report on
- Low level
- Below 10,000ft
What are the 4 ways to identify weather phenominas in a report in terms of coverage
- Widespread
- Frequent
- Occassional
- Isolated
Widespread - Many +50%
Frequent - Little separation +50%
Occassional - 25% - 50%
Isolated - <25%
What does the following define
Implies conditions affecting many places, which will be difficult to avoid (Greater than 50% of area)
WIDESPREAD
What does the following define
Little separation between phenomena, and the spatial coverage is greater than 50% of the area forecast to be affected by the phenomenon. Features will be difficult to avoid
FREQUENT
What does the following define
An area consists of well separated features which are forecast to affect an area with a maximum spatial coverage of between 25% and 50% of the area concerned. These features can be avoided
OCCASIONAL
What does the following define
Used if an area consists of individual features which are forecast to affect an area with a maximum spatial coverage of between less than 25% of the area concerned. These features can be easily avoided.
ISOLATED
What does an F214 form provide
SPOT WIND & TEMPERATURE
BELOW < 10,000ft
What is the forecast validity of an F214
6 HOURS
REMEMBER: 214 6
What does TAF stand for
TERMINAL AERODROME FORECAST
What does METAR stand for
METEORLOGICAL ACTUAL REPORT
A way to remember the difference between a TAF and METAR
TAF = Forecast
METAR = Actual At Runway
What are the differences in time intervals between a TAF and METAR
- TAF - 9, 24, 30 hours
- METAR - 30 or 60 mins
REMEMBER:
TAF has 3 letters, 3 time periods
METAR has 6 characters. Half of 6 is 3
What does a TAF have that a METAR does not
VALIDITY PERIOD
0118/0218
Read as FROM/TO
DDHH/DDHH
01 = 1st of which ever month
18 = 6pm UTC
02 = 2nd of which ever month
18 = 6pm UTC
What are 4 mandatory fields of a TAF
- ICAO code for aerodrome
- Day/time TAF was issued
- Validity period
- Surface wind forecast
Code Issued Validity Wind
Do TAFs provide surface wind forecasts in TRUE or MAGNETIC north
TRUE
What are the 2 prob codes and the chances something will happen
- PROB30 = Might happen
- PROB40 = Will happen
What is the period of validity for a TEMPO
Periods of UP TO 1 HOUR
No more often than would occupy MORE THAN HALF of the forecast period
i.e. if the forecast period is 8 hours, the TEMPO conditions would not last more than 4 hours.
Define the following TAF code
23015G25KT
Wind direction 230॰ @ 15 kts, gusting up to 25 kts
What are 5 mandatory fields of a METAR
- ICAO code for aerodrome
- Day/time METAR was issued (UTC)
- Surface wind forecast (True)
- Temperature/Dew Point (℃)
- QNH (hPa)
In a METAR temperatures below freezing are prefixed with what
M
On a METAR, what are the temperature ranges if they appear as
1. M00
2. 00
- M00 = -0.1 to -0.4
- 00 = 0 to +0.4
Cloud layer levels are given in reference to which datum
ABOVE AERODROME LEVEL
What is meant by NOSIG
No significant changes expected to forecast during the next 2 hours
What is meant by the following TAF & METAR codes
- AUTO
- CAVOK
- NCD
- ///
- RVR
- Automated weather report (no human involved)
- Ceiling & visibility OK
- No Cloud Detected
- Sky Obscured
- Runway Visual Range
MIlitary Codes
Colour | Cloud Level | Visibility
Blue | 2500ft | 8km
White | 2000ft | 5km
Green | 700ft | 3700m
Yellow 1 | 500ft | 2500m
Yellow 2 | 300ft | 1600m
Amber | 200ft | 800m
Red | < 200ft | < 200m
Black | Aerodrome closed
General Knowledge
Green 737
Yellow1 525
Yellow2 316
Amber 28
What is the military 1) cloud and 2) visibility for the following code
BLUE
- 2500ft
- 8km
What is the military 1) cloud and 2) visibility for the following code
WHITE
- 1500ft
- 5km
What is the military 1) cloud and 2) visibility for the following code
GREEN
- 700ft
- 3700m
What is the military 1) cloud and 2) visibility for the following code
YELLOW 1
- 500ft
- 2500m
What is the military 1) cloud and 2) visibility for the following code
YELLOW 2
- 300ft
- 1600m
What is the military 1) cloud and 2) visibility for the following code
AMBER
- 200ft
- 800m
What is the military 1) cloud and 2) visibility for the following code
RED
- < 200ft (or sky obscured)
- < 800m
What is the military 1) cloud and 2) visibility for the following code
BLACK
AIRFIELD CLOSED
Military reports may include additional information after what code
RMK = “Remark”
What does ATIS stand for
AERODROME TERMINAL INFORMATION SERVICE
What does ATIS provide
- METAR
- FREQUENCY
- METAR for particular airfield
- Dedicated frequency for each airfield
Who can provide special forecasts
MET OFFICE
Sufficient notice needs to be given
What is a VOLMET
Recoded weather service available over VHF radio
What is the range of a VOLMET transmission
200nm
30,000ft
What is a pilot special report known as
PIREP
(Pilot Report)
What 5 conditions is it mandatory for a pilot to report on
- Severe Icing
- Severe Turbulence (incl windshear)
- Severe Mountain Wave
- Thunderstorms
- Volcanic Ash
REMEMBER: Three S’s MITV
Three = Thunderstorm
S = Severe (MIT) M = Mountain
S = Severe (MIT) I = Icing
S = Severe (MIT) T = Turbulence
V = Volcanic
A UK Met Office Infra-red image representing clouds as white patches.
What does this show, and if clouds are whiter, what does this mean
- TEMPERATURE
- DENSER
Infra-red image shows cloud temperatures. The whiter the clouds, the denser the cloud is