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PPL - Meteorology > Weather Reports & Forecasts > Flashcards

Weather Reports & Forecasts Flashcards

1
Q

Official source of weather in UK

A

MET OFFICE

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2
Q

What is the % chance of weather being different to what the Met forecast

A

15%

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3
Q

What are 6 details in particular the Met forecast will provide

Remember the phrase

A
  1. Wind - Direction & Strength
  2. Cloud - Type, amount, level
  3. Icing & Turbulence
  4. Visibility
  5. Frontal Systems - Position and speed
  6. Trends - short term

Trendy turublent wind clouds visibly ice on the front

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4
Q

The name for a regional forecast previously known as airmet

A

GAMET

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5
Q

Where was an AIRMET obtained

A

MET OFFICE WEBSITE

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6
Q

What 3 things does a GAMET provide

A
  1. Regional
  2. Text
  3. Outlook

  1. Regional weather forecast (Geographic)
  2. Textual description
  3. Current weather and outlook
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7
Q

What is the normal forecast validity of an F215

A

9 HOURS

REMEMBER: Odd numbers not divisable by 2
2 15 = 9
where 1, 5 and 9 are not divisible by 2

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8
Q

What level does a form F215 report on

A
  1. Low level
  2. Below 10,000ft
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9
Q

What are the 4 ways to identify weather phenominas in a report in terms of coverage

A
  1. Widespread
  2. Frequent
  3. Occassional
  4. Isolated

Widespread - Many +50%
Frequent - Little separation +50%
Occassional - 25% - 50%
Isolated - <25%

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10
Q

What does the following define

Implies conditions affecting many places, which will be difficult to avoid (Greater than 50% of area)

A

WIDESPREAD

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11
Q

What does the following define

Little separation between phenomena, and the spatial coverage is greater than 50% of the area forecast to be affected by the phenomenon. Features will be difficult to avoid

A

FREQUENT

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12
Q

What does the following define

An area consists of well separated features which are forecast to affect an area with a maximum spatial coverage of between 25% and 50% of the area concerned. These features can be avoided

A

OCCASIONAL

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13
Q

What does the following define

Used if an area consists of individual features which are forecast to affect an area with a maximum spatial coverage of between less than 25% of the area concerned. These features can be easily avoided.

A

ISOLATED

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14
Q

What is the symbol for moderate icing

A

SEMI CIRCLE
2 LINES

LINK

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15
Q

What is the symbol for severe icing

A

SEMI CIRCLE
3 LINES

LINK

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16
Q

What is the symbol for moderate turbulence

A

SINGLE WITCHES HAT

LINK

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17
Q

What is the symbol for severe turbulence

A

DOUBLE WITCHES HAT

LINK

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18
Q

What does an F214 form provide

A

SPOT WIND & TEMPERATURE
BELOW < 10,000ft

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19
Q

What is the forecast validity of an F214

A

6 HOURS

REMEMBER: 214 6

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20
Q

What does TAF stand for

A

TERMINAL AERODROME FORECAST

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21
Q

What does METAR stand for

A

METEORLOGICAL ACTUAL REPORT

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22
Q

A way to remember the difference between a TAF and METAR

A

TAF = Forecast
METAR = Actual At Runway

23
Q

What are the differences in time intervals between a TAF and METAR

A
  1. TAF - 9, 24, 30 hours
  2. METAR - 30 or 60 mins

REMEMBER:
TAF has 3 letters, 3 time periods
METAR has 6 characters. Half of 6 is 3

24
Q

What does a TAF have that a METAR does not

A

VALIDITY PERIOD
0118/0218

Read as FROM/TO
DDHH/DDHH
01 = 1st of which ever month
18 = 6pm UTC
02 = 2nd of which ever month
18 = 6pm UTC

25
Q

What are 4 mandatory fields of a TAF

A
  1. ICAO code for aerodrome
  2. Day/time TAF was issued
  3. Validity period
  4. Surface wind forecast

Code Issued Validity Wind

26
Q

Do TAFs provide surface wind forecasts in TRUE or MAGNETIC north

A

TRUE

27
Q

What are the 2 prob codes and the chances something will happen

A
  1. PROB30 = Might happen
  2. PROB40 = Will happen
28
Q

What is the period of validity for a TEMPO

A

Periods of UP TO 1 HOUR
No more often than would occupy MORE THAN HALF of the forecast period

i.e. if the forecast period is 8 hours, the TEMPO conditions would not last more than 4 hours.

29
Q

Define the following TAF code

23015G25KT

A

Wind direction 230॰ @ 15 kts, gusting up to 25 kts

30
Q

What are 5 mandatory fields of a METAR

A
  1. ICAO code for aerodrome
  2. Day/time METAR was issued (UTC)
  3. Surface wind forecast (True)
  4. Temperature/Dew Point (℃)
  5. QNH (hPa)
31
Q

In a METAR temperatures below freezing are prefixed with what

A

M

32
Q

On a METAR, what are the temperature ranges if they appear as
1. M00
2. 00

A
  1. M00 = -0.1 to -0.4
  2. 00 = 0 to +0.4
33
Q

Cloud layer levels are given in reference to which datum

A

ABOVE AERODROME LEVEL

34
Q

What is meant by NOSIG

A

No significant changes expected to forecast during the next 2 hours

35
Q

What is meant by the following TAF & METAR codes

  1. AUTO
  2. CAVOK
  3. NCD
  4. ///
  5. RVR
A
  1. Automated weather report (no human involved)
  2. Ceiling & visibility OK
  3. No Cloud Detected
  4. Sky Obscured
  5. Runway Visual Range
36
Q

MIlitary Codes

Colour | Cloud Level | Visibility
Blue | 2500ft | 8km
White | 2000ft | 5km
Green | 700ft | 3700m
Yellow 1 | 500ft | 2500m
Yellow 2 | 300ft | 1600m
Amber | 200ft | 800m
Red | < 200ft | < 200m
Black | Aerodrome closed

General Knowledge

A

Green 737
Yellow1 525
Yellow2 316
Amber 28

37
Q

What is the military 1) cloud and 2) visibility for the following code

BLUE

A
  1. 2500ft
  2. 8km
38
Q

What is the military 1) cloud and 2) visibility for the following code

WHITE

A
  1. 1500ft
  2. 5km
39
Q

What is the military 1) cloud and 2) visibility for the following code

GREEN

A
  1. 700ft
  2. 3700m
40
Q

What is the military 1) cloud and 2) visibility for the following code

YELLOW 1

A
  1. 500ft
  2. 2500m
41
Q

What is the military 1) cloud and 2) visibility for the following code

YELLOW 2

A
  1. 300ft
  2. 1600m
42
Q

What is the military 1) cloud and 2) visibility for the following code

AMBER

A
  1. 200ft
  2. 800m
43
Q

What is the military 1) cloud and 2) visibility for the following code

RED

A
  1. < 200ft (or sky obscured)
  2. < 800m
44
Q

What is the military 1) cloud and 2) visibility for the following code

BLACK

A

AIRFIELD CLOSED

45
Q

Military reports may include additional information after what code

A

RMK = “Remark”

46
Q

What does ATIS stand for

A

AERODROME TERMINAL INFORMATION SERVICE

47
Q

What does ATIS provide

A
  1. METAR
  2. FREQUENCY

  1. METAR for particular airfield
  2. Dedicated frequency for each airfield
48
Q

Who can provide special forecasts

A

MET OFFICE

Sufficient notice needs to be given

49
Q

What is a VOLMET

A

Recoded weather service available over VHF radio

50
Q

What is the range of a VOLMET transmission

A

200nm
30,000ft

51
Q

What is a pilot special report known as

A

PIREP
(Pilot Report)

52
Q

What 5 conditions is it mandatory for a pilot to report on

A
  1. Severe Icing
  2. Severe Turbulence (incl windshear)
  3. Severe Mountain Wave
  4. Thunderstorms
  5. Volcanic Ash

REMEMBER: Three S’s MITV

Three = Thunderstorm
S = Severe (MIT) M = Mountain
S = Severe (MIT) I = Icing
S = Severe (MIT) T = Turbulence
V = Volcanic

53
Q

A UK Met Office Infra-red image representing clouds as white patches.
What does this show, and if clouds are whiter, what does this mean

EXAMPLE HERE

A
  1. TEMPERATURE
  2. DENSER

Infra-red image shows cloud temperatures. The whiter the clouds, the denser the cloud is

PPL - Meteorology (17 decks)

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