The Atmosphere Flashcards
Most weather occurs in which layer of the atmosphere
TROPOSPHERE
What layer is immediately above the Troposphere
TROPOPAUSE
The layer of atmosphere in which most flying occurs
STRATOSPHERE
Where is the Tropopause higher;
1. Poles
2. Equator
EQUATOR
In feet and kilometers
The height of the tropopause at the poles
- 30,000 ft
- 9 km
In feet and kilometers
The height of the tropopause at the equator
- 60,000 ft
- 18 km
As per the ICAO ISA standards, the Troposphere is up to ____ ft or ____ km
- 36,090 ft
- 11 km
What is the temperature lapse rate in ℃ per km
-6.5 ℃ per km
As per the ICAO ISA standards, the Tropopause starts at ____ ft or ____ km
- 36,090 ft
- 11 km
What is the upper limit of ICAO ISA;
1. ____ ft
2. ____ km
- 66,617 ft
- 20 km
At what height in km does the stratosphere begin
32 km
How much of each gas in the atmosphere
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Other
Nitrogen - 78%
Oxygen - 21%
Other - 1%
As pressure, temperature or altitude change, what happens to the proporitions of the gases in the atmosphere
REMAIN CONSTANT
Nitrogen - 78%
Oxygen - 21%
Other - 1%
What is the definition of atmopsheric pressure
Weight of air on the surface by gravity
What does atmospheric pressure decrease as altitude increases
Less air above
Less air weighs less, meaning less pressure
What is the pressure of the following flight levels?
Sea Level
5000
10,000
20,000
30,000
35,000
Sea Level - 1013
5000 - 840
10,000 - 700
20,000 - 466
30,000 - 300
35,000 - 240
What is the term use when the temperature in the tropopause is constant
ISOTHERMAL
Assuming ISA conditions
What is the constant temperature at the tropopause
-56.5℃
What are the values of ISA lapse rates?
Temperature lapse rate
Pressure reduction (up to ????? ft)
Temperature: -1.98 C per 1000 ft
Pressure: 1 hPa per 30 ft up to 20,000 ft
What are 4 reasons a “standard atmosphere” defined
- Aircraft performance calculations
- Standard seperation
- Expected temperatures at altitudes
- Baseline to calculate forecasts against
What are the values of ISA at sea level?
- Temperature
- Density
- Pressure
- Temperature - 15 C
- Density - 1.225 kg/m^3
- Pressure - 1013.25 hPa
What is the Conversion;
hPa → inHg
1 hPa = 0.0295 inHg
If you have 1013.25 hPa, 1013.25 x 0.0295 = 29.89 inHg
What is the Conversion;
inHg → hPa
1 inHg = 33.86 hPa
If you have 15 inHg, 15 x 33.86 = 507.9 hPa
What is the Conversion;
℃ → ℉
Farenheit = (℃ x 1.8) + 32
What is the Conversion;
℉ → ℃
Celcius = ( Fahrenheit - 32 ) / 1.8
MORE or LESS
Water vapour is ____ dense than dry air
LESS DENSE
MORE or LESS
Humid air weights ____ than dry air
LESS
