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PPL - Meteorology > Thunderstorms > Flashcards

Thunderstorms Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 conditions are required for a thunderstorm formation

A
  1. Unstable atmosphere
  2. Supply of moist air
  3. Lifting triggering action
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2
Q

What temperatures are required for a thunderstorm development

Level 8000
Air Parcel Temperature | Environmental Temperature | Temperature Difference

A

Air Parcel Temperature | Environmental Temperature | Temperature Difference
+10℃ | +4℃ | 6℃

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3
Q

What temperatures are required for a thunderstorm development

Level 6000
Air Parcel Temperature | Environmental Temperature | Temperature Difference

A

Air Parcel Temperature | Environmental Temperature | Temperature Difference
+13℃ | +8℃ | 5℃

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4
Q

What temperatures are required for a thunderstorm development

Level 4000
Air Parcel Temperature | Environmental Temperature | Temperature Difference

A

Air Parcel Temperature | Environmental Temperature | Temperature Difference
+16℃ | +12℃ | 4℃

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5
Q

What temperatures are required for a thunderstorm development

Level 2000
Air Parcel Temperature | Environmental Temperature | Temperature Difference

A

Air Parcel Temperature | Environmental Temperature | Temperature Difference
+19℃ (Dew point) | +16℃ | 3℃

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6
Q

What temperatures are required for a thunderstorm development

Surface
Air Parcel Temperature | Environmental Temperature | Temperature Difference

A

Air Parcel Temperature | Environmental Temperature | Temperature Difference
+25℃ | +20℃ | 5℃

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7
Q

In what air type (WARM or COLD) do thunderstorms tend to develop in
Why

A

WARM AIR
Warm air can contain more moisture than colder air

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8
Q

Frontal lifting thunderstorms can occur in which front

A

COLD & WARM

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9
Q

Why are warm or occluded front thunderstorms more dangerous

A

EMBEDDED CLOUDS
associated layer cloud invisible to pilot

TCU / CB / TS

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10
Q

What are 3 types of lifting that can cause thundestorms

A
  1. Frontal lifting
  2. Orographic lifting
  3. Convergence (2 different air masses meet)

Convergence often happens at coastal locations

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11
Q

What are the 3 stages of a thunderstorm

A
  1. Towering Cumulus
  2. Mature
  3. Dissipating
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12
Q

During cumulus stage of a thunderstorm, what is the typical vertical air current rate

A

> 4000 fpm

feet per minute

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13
Q

Typically, how long does the mature stage of a thunderstorm last

A

1 hour

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14
Q

In a mature stage of a thunderstorm, where can vertical air currents be found

A

INSIDE & IN VICINITY

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15
Q

What are the wind directions for each stage of a thunderstorm;
1. Cumulus Stage
2. Mature Stage
3. Dissipating stage

A
  1. Updraft only
  2. Updraft and down draghts
  3. Down draughts only
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16
Q

What speeds (kts) can downdraghts be in mature stage
How far away can they be felt (nm)

A
  1. 40kts
  2. 20nm
17
Q

At what stage of a thunderstorm may roll clouds appear

A

MATURE STAGE

18
Q

What causes the flat top to form during the dissipating stage of a thunderstorm

A

INVERSION

19
Q

Why does an anvil form

A

Wind blowing cloud aloft

20
Q

Thunderstorm Hazard

Where can turbulence occur

In reference to the cell

A

INSIDE & OUTSIDE CELL

21
Q

What is a major risk to the airframe and why

A

EXTREME STRESSES
Draughts exceed rate of climb of aircraft

22
Q

What range can up and down draughts vary by

fpm

A

+4000 fpm to -4000 fpm

23
Q

Where is windshear from downdraughts most hazardous

A
  1. Immediately below the cloud
  2. At the gust front
24
Q

What does a mammatus cloud look like
What does it indicate

A
  1. Irregular egg box
  2. Indicates turbulence
25
Q

What 4 pieces of equipment are most at risk from a lightening strike

A
  1. Compass
  2. Comms
  3. Nav
  4. Onboard computer
26
Q

Which aircraft navigational feature will be unreliable near a thunderstorm

A

Automatic Direction Finder
(ADF)

27
Q

What are 2 effects the pilot may suffer following a lightening strike

A
  1. Temporarily blinded
  2. Temporarily deafened
28
Q

Thunderstorms do not travel with the ____ winds. They tend to travel in the direction of wind at ____ hPa (????? ft)

A
  1. Prevailing lower winds
  2. 500 hPa
  3. 18,000 ft
29
Q

What is the minimum margin to avoid a thunderstorm

A

10nm

30
Q

What is the cloud name that looks like an irregular egg box and indicates turbulence

A

MAMMATUS CLOUD

PPL - Meteorology (17 decks)

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