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weather kq1 Flashcards

1. factors affecting temperature 2. how winds are formed (monsoon/land/sea) 3. how rain is formed (relief/convectional) 4. relative humidity

1
Q
A
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2
Q

how does cloud cover affect temp in the day

A
  1. more/less CC
  2. more/less solar energy reflected back into space by clouds
  3. less/more solar energy received and absorbed at Earth surface
  4. less/more heat absorbed by surface
  5. lower/higher temp in the day
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3
Q

how does cloud cover affect temp at night

A
  1. more/less cloud cover
  2. more/less heat energy from Earth surface absorbed and trapped by clouds
  3. less/more heat lost to space
  4. more/less heat remains on Earth
  5. higher/lower temp at night
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4
Q

how does altitude affect temperature

A
  1. higher/lower altitude
  2. weaker/stronger gravitational force
  3. lower/higher concentration of air molecules = lower/higher air density
  4. less/more air molecules to absorb heat from the ground
  5. less/more heat in the air
  6. lower/higher temperature throughout the year
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5
Q

how does latitude affect temperature
(higher the latitude, further

A
  1. lower/higher latitude
  2. shorter/longer distance travelled by sun rays in atmosphere
  3. less/more solar radiation lost to atmosphere
  4. more/less solar radiation received on surface
  5. sun rays strike surface at larger (perpendicular)/smaller (acute) solar angle
  6. solar radiation spread over a smaller/larger area
  7. more/less solar energy concentrated and absorbed at surface
    ⇩
  8. more/less heat absorbed on surface
  9. higher/lower temp
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6
Q

how does closer distance to sea affect temperature in summer and winter (maritime effect)

A
  1. water gains heat more slowly than land
  2. slower heat gain for air above water
  3. closer to sea = cooler air above water bodies moderates amt of heat at coastal areas
  4. less heat in coastal areas
  5. cooler temp in summer
  6. water loses heat more slowly than land
  7. lower amount of heat lost for the air above water bodies = warmer air
  8. warmer air slow down heat loss at coastal areas
  9. more heat remain at coastal areas
  10. higher temp in winter
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7
Q

how does further distance from sea affect temperatire in summer and winter (continental effect)

A
  1. water gains heat more slowly than land
  2. faster heat gain for land
  3. further from sea = warmer air continues to be trapped and accumulate
  4. more heat in inland areas
  5. warmer temp in summer
  6. water loses heat more slowly than land
  7. higher amount of heat lost for the air inland = cooler air
  8. inland areas continue to lose heat rapidly
  9. more heat remain at coastal areas
  10. lower temp in winter
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8
Q

how is sea breeze formed

A
  1. in the day
  2. land heats more quickly than sea = air above land will have higher temp
  3. air above land expands = less dense = rises
  4. less weight exerted on land surface = lower air pressure on land
  5. air moves from higher pressure to lower pressure = moves from sea to land
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9
Q

how is land breeze formed

A
  1. in the night
  2. land loses heat more quickly than sea = air above land has lower temp
  3. air above land contracts = more dense = sink
  4. more weight exerted on land surface = higher air pressure on land
  5. air moves from higher pressure to lower pressure = moves from land to sea
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10
Q

monsoon winds during June to September 1.

A
  1. NH = summer, SH = winter
  2. air over Central Asia (NH) expands, = less dense = rises + the air
    over Australia contracts = more dense = sinks
  3. air pressure in australia higher than central asia = wind moves from Australia to central asia
  4. wind leaves SH = wind get deflected to left due to Coriolis effect = travels as Southeast (of NH) monsoon over Indian ocean
  5. wind enters NH = wind gets deflected to right due to Coriolis effect = enters as Southwest(of NH) monsoon
    (compass is upright, placed at NH)
  6. wind travels over Indian ocean = air picks up moisture = southwest monsoon brings heavy rain to Thailand and india
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11
Q

monsoon winds from November to march

A

. NH = winter, SH = summer
2. air over Australia (SH) expands, = less dense = rises + the air
over central asia (NH) contracts = more dense = sinks
3. air pressure in central asia higher than australia = wind moves from central asia to australia
4. wind leaves NH = wind get deflected to right due to Coriolis effect = travels as Northeast t (of SH) monsoon over Indian ocean
5. wind enters SH = wind gets deflected to left due to Coriolis effect = enters as Northwest (of SH) monsoon
(compass is upright, placed at SH)

  1. wind travels over South china sea = air picks up moisture = northwest monsoon brings heavy rain to Singapore and Malaysia
  2. NW monsoon brings dry air to india and Thailand = little rain
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12
Q

equatorial climate

A

Location: found in places near equator
Temperature pattern: hot throughout year, constant temp (no distinct seasons)
Rainfall patterns: high total rainfall, rainfall throughout the year (no distinct wet/dry seasons)

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13
Q

Monsoon climate

A

Location: found in places within tropics = monsoon winds would bring rain in some months, dry air in some months
Temperature pattern: hot throughout year, constant temp (no distinct seasons)
Rainfall patterns: moderate to high total rainfall, distinct wet/dry seasons

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14
Q

temperate climate

A

Location: found in coastal areas (north/south of tropics of cancer/Capricorn)
Temperature pattern: distinct 4 seasons, temperature range not extreme
Rainfall patterns: no clear rainfall pattern

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15
Q

how does higher temp affect relative humidity

A

higher air temp = air expands = bigger capacity to hold water vapour = percentage of water vapour decreases - space filled up by water vapour decreases (less water vapour will be packed into a bigger area) = RH decreases

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16
Q

how does lower temp affect relative humidity

A

lower air temp = air contract = lesser capacity to hold water vapour = percentage of water vapour increases - space filled up by water vapour increases (more water vapour will be packed into a smaller area) = RH increases

17
Q

how is convectional rain formed (temp)

A
  1. (Early noon/tropical countries) - ground absorbs alot of heat energy from sun - air above ground heats up
  2. Hot air expands - rises - cools down as it rises
  3. air reaches dew point temperature = air is saturated
  4. Condensation occurs - water vapour condenses into water droplets - forms clouds
  5. Water droplets in clouds collide and merge
  6. overtime, become heavier - fall as rain during the late afternoon
18
Q

how is relief rain formed

A

Wind blows in warm air filled with water vapour from the sea - the moisture laden air encounters a mountain - is forced to rise up on the side of the mountain which is facing the sea (windward side)
The warm air cools down while rising -
air reaches dew point temperature = air is saturated
4. Condensation occurs - water vapour condenses into water droplets - forms clouds on windward side
5. Water droplets in clouds collide and merge
6. overtime, become heavier - fall as rain

19
Q

why does rain only fall on windward side (relief side)

A
  1. Water droplets form on windward side and fall as rain
  2. moisture in air of windward side is reduced (most has fallen as rain)
  3. air on mountain top is colder and drier - RH decreases (wont reach dew point)
  4. condensation wont occur = water droplets will not form = rain does not occur

Cold, dry air is heavy = sinks to side of mountain not facing the sea (leeward side) = less rain falls on leeward side (creates rainshadow)

geog (13 decks)

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