food kq2 factors causing food shortage Flashcards
pests (p1)
Pests: destructive insects and animals that attacks crops and livestock.
- Farms may encounter a sudden increase in pests attacking their
crops = the crops would be destroyed by the pests = reduces crop yield = supply of food is reduced = unable to
meet the demand for food at a
place = food shortages = people suffer from food insecurity
climate change (p2)
Climate change: changes to the global climate patterns.
- global
warming has shifted rainfall
patterns and temperature
patterns = extreme weather
events, such as more floods in
some places, and more droughts
in other places –> can also lead to
sea level rise = rising salinity in the farms and destroy farms
crops would either be destroyed or
have difficulty growing well = reduces
crop yield = supply of food is reduced =
unable to meet the demand for food at
a place = food shortages = people
at that place suffering from food
insecurity.
extreme weather (p3)
Extreme
weather events: weather events
which can cause major destruction
and death.
- Extreme weather events can destroy
farms (Tropical cyclones + extreme rainfall = flood farmlands, Droughts
reduce the water supply available to
farms.
crops would either be destroyed or have difficulty growing well = reduces crop yield = the supply of food is reduced, unable to meet demand for food at a place = food
shortages = people at that
place suffering from food
insecurity.
civil strife (po1)
Civil strife: conflicts between
different groups within the country,
usually against the government.
1. Groups in the country may riot against the government = lead to civil war = the farmland may be destroyed during the
war.
the crops would be destroyed when the farm is destroyed = reduces crop yield = the supply of food is
reduced = unable to meet the demand for food = food shortages = food insecurity.
- Farmers may abandon their farms = escape the conflict by moving to other parts of the country =there is no one to work on the
farmreduces crop yield.
Groups may block the transportation of food to other parts of the country controlled by rivals to force them to
surrender = prevents food
from being distributed
to some of parts of the
country.
despite having sufficient food to meet the demand at a place, people
are unable to access sufficient
nutritious food to meet their
needs (due to the group controlling) = food shortages = food insecurity.
poor governance (po2)
Governance refers to
how the country is being
managed.
- A country with poor
governance may
experience corruption or
have ineffective policies
that leads to food
insecurity.
policies would
lead to a decrease
in crop yield = as a result, the supply of food is reduced = unable to
meet the demand for food at a place.
In some cases,
the food produced were not distributed to places that need it.
\ncreases the demand for
food at a place = more demand for food than the food available at that place –> despite having sufficient food
to meet the demand at a place,
the people are unable to access
sufficient nutritious food to
meet their needs = food
shortages = food insecurity.
rising demand for meat and dairy from emerging economies like india and chine (e1)
Since the 1960s, some LDCs
have developed significantly,
such as China and India.
- Their economy has grown
quickly, leading to a rise of
income in many of its citizens.
- This also led to the growth of
the middle class in these
countries, who have more
purchasing power than
before.
- As such, they are able to
afford more non-staple food,
such as meat and dairy
products, leading to a huge
increase in the demand for
these food.
- To meet this demand, some
farms switch from producing
crops to producing non-
staples.
- Farms may also sell their grain
crops for the feeding of
livestock to meet this growing
demand as it can fetch more
profits.
This leads to
food shortages in
some places
because lesser
staples are
produced to
meet the
demand.
As a result, the
supply of
staple food is
reduced, and it
is unable to
meet the
demand for
food at a place,
especially at
LDCs.
- This then
results in
food
shortages, - resulting in
people at
that place
suffering
from food
insecurity.
Since the
1980s,
more and
more rice
farms in
South
Thailand
and South
Vietnam
have
switched
to
becoming
shrimp
farms, as it
is more
profitable
to meet
this
growing
demand
for meat
than rice.
This leads to
food shortages in
some places
because there
are more
demand for
staples, this
increase the
price of staple
food.
As a result, the
people at LDCs
are less able to
afford
sufficient
nutritious food
to meet their
needs.
soaring costs of fertilisers and transport (e2)
Food production requires fertilisers as
inputs into and transportation of food
between places.
- Hence, to earn a profit, the price of
food needs to be higher than the cost
of fertilisers and transport.
- When the price of fossil fuel increases,
transport will cost more to pay for the
fossil fuel it uses.
The cost of nitrogen fertilisers will also
increase as they are made of mostly
natural gas.
- With the cost of fertilisers and
transport increasing, food prices will
need to be increased as well.
This led to food
shortages in
some places
because The
poor, especially
in LDCs, are
unable to afford
enough food.
- As a result, despite
having sufficient food
to meet the demand at
a place, the people are
unable to access
sufficient nutritious
food to meet their
needs, especially in
LDCs - This then results in
food shortages, - resulting in people at
that place suffering
from food insecurity.
conversion of farmland to industrial crop production to produce biofuels (e3)
Biofuel refers to fuels that are made
from sources which can be grown,
such as corn, sugar cane, palm oil,
instead of fossil fuels.
- Switching to biofuels from fossil fuels
is perceived to help with reducing
greenhouse gas emissions, and hence
slow down climate change.
- Hence, since the 2000s, there is a huge
increase in the demand for biofuels to
replace the use of fossil fuels,
especially in cars.
- Since it is more profitable to sell grains
for biofuel than for food, more and
more farmers convert their farmland
to produce crops for biofuel.
- More farmers also sell their crops for
biofuel production instead of for food.
This led to
food
shortages in
some places
because…
- Less crops
available
for food,
food prices
will
increase.
- The poor,
especially
in LDCs,
are unable
to afford
enough
food.
- As a result, despite
having sufficient food to
meet the demand at a
place, the people are
unable to access
sufficient nutritious food
to meet their needs. - This then results in food
shortages, - resulting in people at
that place suffering
from food insecurity.
lack of accessibility (s1)
Accessibility refers to how
easily people can reach the food
that is available.
- Some countries may have
sufficient food. However, the
food is not accessible in some
places as these places lack food
outlets.
- In some places, the food outlets
are not accessible to people in
the area due to a lack of
transport facilities.
- This is more common in LDCs as
the infrastructure is less
developed.
This led to
food
shortages in
some places
because it is
difficult
people living
in these
places to
access food.
- As a result, despite
having sufficient food
to meet the demand at
a place, the people are
unable to access
sufficient nutritious
food to meet their
needs. - This then results in
food shortages,
resulting in people at
that place suffering
from food insecurity.
inadequate logistics of food distribution and storage (s2)
movement of food from
farms to retail outlets.
- Some countries, especially
LDCs, have little transport and
food distribution links with
other countries.
This led to food shortages
in some countries because
when these countries
produce insufficient food,
they have difficulty
importing sufficient food
for their country to make
up for the shortage
- As a result,
the supply
of food at
these places
is reduced,
and it is
unable to
meet the
demand for
food at
these
places. - This then
results in
food
shortages,
resulting in
people at
that place
suffering
from food
insecurity.
Timor-Leste is
largely food
insecure as the
lack of food
produced in the
country is not
well mitigated
through
importing food as
the country is not
well-connected to
global food
distribution
networks. Within
the country,
Central Timor-
Leste is even
more food
insecure as it has
more remote
communities.
- Some places within a country,
especially in LDCs, lack good
transport facilities to other
parts of the country. - For example, they lack railway
connection or roads.
This led to food shortages
in some places because it is
difficult for food to be
distributed to these places,
especially if they do not
produce enough food for
themselves.
- Some countries, especially
LDCs, are unable to afford good
storage facilities, to properly
store the food they have
produced or imported. - Excess food cannot be
stockpiled for use in future
shortages as well.
This led to food shortages
in some countries and
places because some of the
food would be spoiled due
to improper
rapid population growth (s3)
Many LDCs have high birth rates,
resulting in high population growth
rates.
- It is estimated that the huge
population growth rate driven by
LDCs would cause the world
population to reach
10 billion by 2050.
This led to food
shortages in some
LDCs the demand for
food is growing
rapidly, quicker than
any increase to food
production.
- As a result, this
increases the
demand for food at
a place, such that
there is more
demand for food
than the food
available at that
place - This then results in
food shortages,
resulting in people
at that place
suffering from food
insecurity.
