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Commercial Oral > Weather Information > Flashcards

Weather Information Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of AIRMETS?

A

Sierra (IFR or Mountain), Tango (Turbulence), Zulu (Icing)

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2
Q

Conditions for AIRMET Sierra ?

A

Ceilings < 1000 AGL and/or < 3 SM Visibility over 50% of area.

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3
Q

Conditions for AIRMET Tango ?

A

Moderate Turbulence OR sustained surface winds > 30 KTS

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4
Q

Conditions for AIRMET Zulu ?

A

Moderate icing or freezing levels

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5
Q

What are SIGMETS ?

A

Similar to AIRMETS with more severe Wx

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6
Q

What are the conditions for SIGMETS ?

A

Severe or greater over a 3000 sq mile area:

1) Turbulence
2) Icing
3) IMC due to dust, sand or volcanic ash

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7
Q

What conditions are convective SIGMETS issued ?

A

1) An area of TS affecting 3000 sq miles or greater with TS affecting at least 40% of the area
2) A line of TS at least 60 NM long with TS affecting 40% of the length
3) Severe or embedded TS affecting any areas that are expecting to last for 30 minutes or more

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8
Q

How many times a day are AIRMETS issued ?

A

4

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9
Q

What time of day are AIRMETs issued ?

A

0245, 0845, 1425, 2045 Zulu

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10
Q

How long are AIRMETS valid for?

A

6 hrs

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11
Q

Are SIGMETS issued on a regular schedule ?

A

No. When conditions are met.

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12
Q

What times are convective SIGMENTS issued ?

A

55 min past each hour.

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13
Q

What conditions are needed for a special convective SIGMET ?

A

Any of the following for more than 30 min:

1) Tornado
2) Hail 3/4 inch
3) Gust > 50 KTS
4) Rapidly changing Wx

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14
Q

How long are convective SIGMETS valid for ?

A

Up to 2 hrs or the next issuance.

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15
Q

List 3 types of Hydroplaning ?

A

All keep tire from surface contact.
Dynamic (Lifting)
Viscous (Slipping)
Reverted Rubber (Steam Lift)

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16
Q

Conditions for Dynamic Hydroplaning ?

A 
Most common
Higher speed
Heavy water layer
Water Pressure creates wedge and lifts
Rubber does not touch surface
Affected by Tire Pressure
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17
Q

Conditions for Viscous Hydroplaning ?

A

Thin water/oil/rubber on service
Tire can’t penetrate to surface
Slower Speed
Smooth service/Asphalt

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18
Q

Conditions for Reverted Rubber Hydroplaning

A

Water layer
Heavy prolonged braking
Rubber melts and heats water to steam
Steam Lifts tire from surface.

19
Q

What are the types of Fog ?

A

Radiation (most Common)
Advection (beach fog)
Upslope fog
Steam Fog

20
Q

How does Fog form ?

A

Cold airmass moving into Warm, Moist Air

21
Q

How does Radiation Fog Form ?

A

Cold Air moves for warm, moist ground surface

22
Q

How does Advection Fog form ?

A

Needs wind. Cold Air moves for warm, moist Water
Summer:
Cold Air over Water Moves inland over Warmer Land.
Winter:
Cold Air over Land moves out over Warmer Water.

23
Q

How does upslope Fog form ?

A

Warm/Cold Air Mass pushed up/down slop into Warm/Cold Air.

24
Q

How does Steam Fog form ?

A

Evaporation occurs into cold air over warmer water.
Air is much colder than water for convection
Created Shallow layer.

25
Q

3 stages of Thunder storm ?

A

Cumulus (Lifting)
Mature (Rain hitting Ground)
Dissipating (Downdrafts/Microbursts)

26
Q

What are your options for ice accumulation on an non-ice airplane ?

A

Ascend (to Colder)
Descend (To Melt)
Turn around

27
Q

What 2 actions can ice disappear from airplane ?

A

Melt or Sublimate

28
Q

What caused Frost to form ?

A

Surface lower than Dewpoint

Dewpoint below freezing

29
Q

What are the attributes for stable air ?

A

Air Pressure = Higher
Air Density = Lower
Temperature = Colder

30
Q

What are the different types of aircraft icing ?

A

Structural
Instrument
Induction

31
Q

What are the different types of icing ?

A

Rime ice (Milkly white)
Clear
Mixed

32
Q

What temperature range is conducive to icing ?

A

-20 C to +2 C

33
Q

What temp does rime ice form ?

A

-20 C to -10 C

34
Q

What temp does clear ice form ?

A

-10 C to +2 C

35
Q

Where does rime ice usually accumulate on aircraft ? Why ?

A

Leading edges. Half-frozen when it makes contact. Bounces off other surfaces.

36
Q

Why is rime ice “preferred” ?

A

Aircraft with ice protection are leading edges.

37
Q

Where does clear ice usually accumulate on aircraft ?

A

Everywhere. Its water until contact and spreads out.

38
Q

Which icing is more dangerous ?

A

Clear ice.

Forms where no protection. Builds weight. Airfoil changes.

39
Q

What’s the difference between anti-icing and de-icing ?

A

De-icing made to remove ice. Anti-Icing used before accumulation.

40
Q

Is Pitot heat a De-Icing device ?

A

No. Anti-icing. Not certified for removal.

41
Q

Is FIKI a De-Icing device ?

A

Yes. Grey Area.. can remove since fluid gets under.

42
Q

What if the airplane is colder than dewpoint, but dewpoint is above freezing ?

A

Dew.

43
Q

Why is frost dangerous to aircraft ?

A

Changes laminar FLOW of air over surfaces.

Commercial Oral (15 decks)

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