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Geography > Weather Hazards > Flashcards

Weather Hazards Flashcards

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1
Q

What Is the key term for receiving sunlight in an area?

A

Solar insolation

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2
Q

Which place in the world receives the most solar insolation?

A

The equator, as the sunlight is concentrated over a smaller area

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3
Q

What is the air pressure at the equator?

A

Low air pressure as hot air is constantly rising

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4
Q

What is another name for the equator?

A

ITCZ - intertropical convergence zone

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5
Q

What are the three types of cells?

A

Hadley cell - between 0 and 30 degrees north and south

Ferrell cell - between 30 and 60 degrees north and south

Polar cell - above and below 60 degrees north and south

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6
Q

What are the components required for a tropical storm to form?

A

27 degrees Celsius

Low wind shear

60 to 70 m water depth

Coriolis effect

Warm moist air

Between 5 and 30 degrees north and south of the equator

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7
Q

Why do tropical storms not form along the equator?

A

The coriolis effect is too weak at the equator

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8
Q

What is the specific name given to the type of clouds in a tropical storm

A

Cumulonimbus clouds

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9
Q

How does a tropical storm form?

A

Warm air from roses rapidly, drawing moisture with it and causing rapid winds.

The air cools at the top to form cumulonimbus clouds

The coriolis effect causes the air to spin around the calm central eye of the storm

The storm travels along the ocean in the prevailing wind

The storm loses power when it reaches land as there is no more moisture and warmth from the sea to fuel it.

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10
Q

What scale is used to measure tropical storms.

A

The Saffir Simpson scale

Category 2 to category 6

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11
Q

How are tropical storms monitored and predicted?

A

Supercomputers track the path of a storm

Dropsondes are dropped into a storm to record data such as temperature and wind speeds

Track cones are used to see where the storm will hit

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12
Q

When and where did Typhoon Haiyan occur?

A

Nov 2013 Philippines and North Pacific Ocean

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13
Q

What category was the Typhoon Haiyan on the scale?

A

Category 5 with 195 mph winds

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14
Q

How many people died in Haiyan?

A

6190

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15
Q

What were the primary effects of Haiyan?

A

Airport badly damaged

1.1 m homes damaged

4.1 m people made homeless

$53 million of rice damaged

Roads blocked

90% of Tacloban destroyed

6190 deaths

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16
Q

What were some secondary effects of Haiyan?

A

Oil barge spilled 800,000 litres of oil in Estancia

Rice price increased by 11.9%

Stampedes and looting rife

Infections and disease due to water contamination

17
Q

Immediate responses of Haiyan

A

800,000 people evacuated

President issues warning on live TV

People took refuge in a stadium but it flooded and killed people

1 m food packs and 250,000 litres of water handed out

$1.5 billion dollars raised by 33 countries

18
Q

What were the long term responses to Haiyan?

A

No build zone in Eastern Visayas

Build Back Better scheme for reinforcing buildings introduced by government

Mangroves replanted

Storm surge warning system

19
Q

What are the 4 main types of extreme weather hazards?

A

Flooding

Droughts

Storm

Extreme cold

20
Q

When were the Cumbria floods? What were they caused by?

A

2009 - deep Atlantic depression moving over Scotland and north England

21
Q

What were the social effects of the Cumbria floods?

A

Bill barker a police officer died when a bridge into Workington collapsed

Many people injured

1500 homes flooded

River water contaminated with sewage

22
Q

Economic effects of Cumbria floods

A

6 bridges collapsed

Many businesses closed and didn’t reopen until much later

£100 million in damages to the Cockermouth high street

23
Q

Environmental effects of Cumbria floods

A

River tore loose carrying trees and damaging habitats and ecosystems

River Derwent caused landslides by water erosion

24
Q

Short term responses to Cumbria floods

A

Salvation Army set up a soup stand

Army set up a temporary bridge and railway station

£1m pledged by PM

RNLI part of rescue (lifeboats)

RSPCA rescued animals

25
Q

What were the long term responses to the Cumbria floods?

A

Ensuring bridges are safe

Flood defences such as a retractable wall

Environment Agency providing flood warning info

Carpet replaced with stone tiles

£4.5 million funded by central government

26
Q

What two extreme weather events are being affected by climate change

A

Droughts are more frequent due to higher temperatures

Flooding is more frequent due to rising sea levels

Geography (8 decks)

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