Changing Economic World Flashcards
Why is GNI not always a reliable measure of development
It can be misleading - it only provides an average (as it does not take into account extremes, or for instance, the informal sector)
GNI
Gross National Income
What is infant mortality rate
The number of deaths, under the age of 1, per 1000 live births
What three factors make up the HDI
Income, life expectancy, education
HDI
Human Development Index
What is the demographic transition models
The changing populations over time
What stage are most LICs at in the DTM
Stage 2
What does stage 2 of the DTM show
Very high birth rate but declining death, so very high natural increase in populationq
What does stage 3 of the DTM show
Declining birth rate with low death rate, so slowing down natural increase
What does stage 4 of the DTM show
Low birth and death rate, birth rate slightly above death rate, with generally constant population
What does stage 5 of the DTM show
Birth rate declining below death rate, so very slight natural decrease in population
What type of countries are beginning to enter stage 5 of the DTM
HICs, such as Japan
What are historical reasons for underdevelopment
Colonialism - imports and exports were controlled and exploited by colonialists
Conflict - after gaining independence, many countries experienced conflict and money was being spent on the conflict instead of towards development
What is the term given to modern control over imports and exports.
Neo-colonialism
What are some physical factors of uneven development
Landlocked countries - no way to ship exports and imports, reducing income
Climate - extreme climate could affect crops and therefore the overall development of countries
Natural hazards - forces the country to spend towards the natural hazard
