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Weather and Climate Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the factors affecting weather and climate?

A

(10) Earth’s tilt, Earth’s revolution, Seasons, Latitude, Altitude, Global wind circulation, Bodies of water, ENSO cycle, Topography, and Vegetation

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2
Q

What is the measurement of Earth’s tilt?

A

23.5°

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3
Q

Which hemisphere is the Philippines situated?

A

Northern hemisphere

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4
Q

What causes seasons?

A

Earth’s tilt

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5
Q

What does the Earth’s revolution result to?

A

Solstice and equinox

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6
Q

Describe the earth’s revolution?

A

It is the rotation of the earth on its axis that causes different parts of the earth to face the sun at different times

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7
Q

Define solstice?

A

The beginning of summer and winter

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8
Q

What does the beginning of summer signify?

A

Longer days

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9
Q

What does the beginning of winter signify?

A

Longer nights

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10
Q

Define equinox?

A

Beginning of spring and fall

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11
Q

What does the beginning of spring or fall signify?

A

Equal days and nights

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12
Q

Define season?

A

Changes in the amount of sunlight received at different latitudes

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13
Q

Why do we experience different seasons?

A

Due to the amount of sunlight we receive

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14
Q

What are the seasons in the Philippines and why?

A

Wet and dry because we are on top of the equator

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15
Q

Define latitude?

A

The distance from the Earth’s equator going north to south. They are the horizontal lines dividing northern and southern hemisphere into 3 climatic zones

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16
Q

What are the 3 climatic zones?

A

Polar, Tropical, and Temperate zones

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17
Q

What is the polar zone and what is its color code?

A

Pink, extremely cold climate

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18
Q

What is the temperate zone and what is its color code?

A

Yellow, varying climates and experiences the 4 seasons

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19
Q

What is the tropical zone and what is its color code?

A

Green, hot climate

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20
Q

What does low latitude mean?

A

Living near the equator hence experiencing tropical climate

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21
Q

What does high latitude mean?

A

Living far from the equator hence experiencing cold climate

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22
Q

Which zone experiences the coldest climate? Why?

A

Polar zone because the sun is at a lower angle

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23
Q

What can prevailing winds give rise to when they blow over land?

A

Desert climates

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24
Q

Define global wind circulation and what they affect?

A

They are winds that flow in patterns. Heat and moisture distributed by global winds affect climate

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25
Q

Which hemispheres are mirrors of each other?

A

Northern and Southern Hemispheres hence they experience wind circulation

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26
Q

Describe the convection of winds and what they result to?

A

Hot air from equator rises while cold air from polar zones sink, resulting to pressure and movement

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27
Q

Define ITCZ?

A

Inter Tropical Convergence Zone, this is where hot and cold winds carrying pressure merge and produce rain

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28
Q

What are the hot and cold winds?

A

They are known as monsoons, amihan and habagat

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29
Q

What is amihan?

A

Northeast monsoon carrying cold breeze and dry weather

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30
Q

What is habagat?

A

Southwest monsoon carrying hot breeze and wet weather. The hot breeze result to more vapour and low pressure hence the rains

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31
Q

Describe the heating and cooling of bodies of water?

A

The oceans heat up and cool down much slower than land, so coastal locations and land have opposing climates

32
Q

What is sea breeze?

A

It is when the ocean is cold while the land is hot during the day

33
Q

What is land breeze?

A

It is when the sea is hot while the land is cold during the night

34
Q

Which countries experience the ENSO Cycle?

A

Countries in the pacific region

35
Q

What is the ENSO Cycle?

A

Naturally occurring phenomenon that involves fluctuating ocean temperatures in the equatorial Pacific, giving us El Niño and La Niña

36
Q

Describe El Niño?

A

Droughts every summer due to increase of temperature in the oceans

37
Q

Describe La Niña?

A

Typhoons due to decrease of temperature in the oceans

38
Q

What is topography?

A

The array of natural and artificial physical features of an area

39
Q

Identify if cooler or warmer air is experienced in the following areas:

  1. Near ocean
  2. Near mountain ranges
  3. Near mountain top
  4. Leeward side of mountain
A
  1. Cooler air
  2. Warmer air
  3. Cooler air
  4. Warmer air
40
Q

Why is it cooler in higher areas?

A

Because atmosphere becomes thin and light, resulting to vapor and rain

41
Q

Describe altitude?

A

Land elevation above sea level

42
Q

What does higher altitude signify?

A

Cooler climate

43
Q

Describe vegetation?

A

Collective term for plants in an area that affect temperature and amount of precipitation experienced

44
Q

What does areas with rich vegetation signify?

A

Fresh air resulting to cooler air

45
Q

Who created the Koppen Climate Classification System?

A

Wladimir Peter Koppen

46
Q

Describe the Koppen Climate Classification System?

A

It uses colors to differentiate the 5 climate zones of the world

47
Q

What are the 5 climate zones and its color code?

A

Zone A: Tropical/Equitorial Zone (blue)

Zone B: Dry/Arid Zone (red, pink, orange)

Zone C: Warm/Mild Zone (green)

Zone D: Snow/Continental Zone (purple and light blue)

Zone E: Polar Zone (grey)

48
Q

What are the 3 code letters for the Koppen Climate Classification System?

A

S: dry season in summer

W: dry season in winter

F: no dry season

49
Q

Describe Zone A?

A

Countries around the equator that are hot all year round and experience large amounts of perennial precipitation

50
Q

What are the sub zones of Zone A?

A

AF: Tropical/Equatorial Rainforest

AM: Tropical/Equatorial Monsoon

AS: Dry Summer

AW: Dry Winter

51
Q

Describe AF?

A

Equatorial Rainforest, high temperature with average heavy precipitation

52
Q

Describe AM?

A

Equatorial Monsoon, high temperature with annual heavy precipitation

53
Q

Describe AS?

A

Dry Summer, distinct wet and dry seasons with heavy precipitation during winter (winter on the other side of the earth)

54
Q

Describe AW?

A

Dry Winter, distinct wet and dry seasons with heavy precipitation during summer (summer on the other side of the earth)

55
Q

Describe Zone B?

A

Arid/dry zone, countries at subtropical and continental regions. Low precipitation and humidity, with huge daily temperature range

56
Q

What are the sub zones of Zone B?

A

BW: Arid

BS: Semi-arid/Steppe

57
Q

Describe BW?

A

Arid, desert climate

58
Q

Describe BS?

A

Semi-arid/Steppe, grassland climate (mid to high temperatures with little precipitation)

59
Q

What is a steppe?

A

Made up of montane grasslands, shrublands, and temperate grasslands

60
Q

Describe Zone C?

A

Warm/mild zone, countries at coastal mid-latitude regions that experience mild summers and cool winters

61
Q

Describe Zone D?

A

Snow/continental zone, countries at northern continents experiencing very cold winters and little precipitation

62
Q

What else is present in zone D and where do they originate from?

A

Snowstorms and strong winds from the arctic circle

63
Q

Describe Zone E?

A

Polar zone, countries at poles of the earth covered by permanent ice and tundra

64
Q

What are the sub zones of Zone E?

A

ET: Tundra

EF: Frost

65
Q

Describe ET?

A

Tundra, below freezing

66
Q

Describe EF?

A

Frost, permanent ice cover

67
Q

What are the 2 zones without sub zones?

A

Zone C and D

68
Q

When does solstice occur?

A

June 20 or 21, December 21 or 22

69
Q

When does equinox occur?

A

March 21, September 23

70
Q

What is Zone A and its color code?

A

Tropical/Equitorial Zone (blue)

71
Q

What is Zone B and its color code?

A

Dry/Arid Zone (red, pink, orange)

72
Q

What is Zone C and its color code?

A

Warm/Mild Zone (green)

73
Q

What is Zone D and its color code?

A

Snow/Continental Zone (purple and light blue)

74
Q

What is Zone E and its color code?

A

Polar Zone (grey)

75
Q

What are the 4 natural causes of climate change?

A

Earth’s motion: affects length of season and amount of solar radiation

Tectonic plate movements: earthquakes and volcanic eruptions affects weather and climate

Volcanic eruption: gases affects temperature drop

Ocean circulation: changes in ocean circulation get more extreme each year

76
Q

Does climate global warming cause climate change?

A

No

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