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Weather and Climate Flashcards

1
Q

What are the factors affecting weather and climate?

A

(10) Earth’s tilt, Earth’s revolution, Seasons, Latitude, Altitude, Global wind circulation, Bodies of water, ENSO cycle, Topography, and Vegetation

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2
Q

What is the measurement of Earth’s tilt?

A

23.5°

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3
Q

Which hemisphere is the Philippines situated?

A

Northern hemisphere

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4
Q

What causes seasons?

A

Earth’s tilt

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5
Q

What does the Earth’s revolution result to?

A

Solstice and equinox

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6
Q

Describe the earth’s revolution?

A

It is the rotation of the earth on its axis that causes different parts of the earth to face the sun at different times

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7
Q

Define solstice?

A

The beginning of summer and winter

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8
Q

What does the beginning of summer signify?

A

Longer days

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9
Q

What does the beginning of winter signify?

A

Longer nights

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10
Q

Define equinox?

A

Beginning of spring and fall

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11
Q

What does the beginning of spring or fall signify?

A

Equal days and nights

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12
Q

Define season?

A

Changes in the amount of sunlight received at different latitudes

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13
Q

Why do we experience different seasons?

A

Due to the amount of sunlight we receive

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14
Q

What are the seasons in the Philippines and why?

A

Wet and dry because we are on top of the equator

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15
Q

Define latitude?

A

The distance from the Earth’s equator going north to south. They are the horizontal lines dividing northern and southern hemisphere into 3 climatic zones

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16
Q

What are the 3 climatic zones?

A

Polar, Tropical, and Temperate zones

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17
Q

What is the polar zone and what is its color code?

A

Pink, extremely cold climate

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18
Q

What is the temperate zone and what is its color code?

A

Yellow, varying climates and experiences the 4 seasons

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19
Q

What is the tropical zone and what is its color code?

A

Green, hot climate

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20
Q

What does low latitude mean?

A

Living near the equator hence experiencing tropical climate

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21
Q

What does high latitude mean?

A

Living far from the equator hence experiencing cold climate

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22
Q

Which zone experiences the coldest climate? Why?

A

Polar zone because the sun is at a lower angle

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23
Q

What can prevailing winds give rise to when they blow over land?

A

Desert climates

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24
Q

Define global wind circulation and what they affect?

A

They are winds that flow in patterns. Heat and moisture distributed by global winds affect climate

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25
Which hemispheres are mirrors of each other?
Northern and Southern Hemispheres hence they experience wind circulation
26
Describe the convection of winds and what they result to?
Hot air from equator rises while cold air from polar zones sink, resulting to pressure and movement
27
Define ITCZ?
Inter Tropical Convergence Zone, this is where hot and cold winds carrying pressure merge and produce rain
28
What are the hot and cold winds?
They are known as monsoons, amihan and habagat
29
What is amihan?
Northeast monsoon carrying cold breeze and dry weather
30
What is habagat?
Southwest monsoon carrying hot breeze and wet weather. The hot breeze result to more vapour and low pressure hence the rains
31
Describe the heating and cooling of bodies of water?
The oceans heat up and cool down much slower than land, so coastal locations and land have opposing climates
32
What is sea breeze?
It is when the ocean is cold while the land is hot during the day
33
What is land breeze?
It is when the sea is hot while the land is cold during the night
34
Which countries experience the ENSO Cycle?
Countries in the pacific region
35
What is the ENSO Cycle?
Naturally occurring phenomenon that involves fluctuating ocean temperatures in the equatorial Pacific, giving us El Niño and La Niña
36
Describe El Niño?
Droughts every summer due to increase of temperature in the oceans
37
Describe La Niña?
Typhoons due to decrease of temperature in the oceans
38
What is topography?
The array of natural and artificial physical features of an area
39
Identify if cooler or warmer air is experienced in the following areas: 1. Near ocean 2. Near mountain ranges 3. Near mountain top 4. Leeward side of mountain
1. Cooler air 2. Warmer air 3. Cooler air 4. Warmer air
40
Why is it cooler in higher areas?
Because atmosphere becomes thin and light, resulting to vapor and rain
41
Describe altitude?
Land elevation above sea level
42
What does higher altitude signify?
Cooler climate
43
Describe vegetation?
Collective term for plants in an area that affect temperature and amount of precipitation experienced
44
What does areas with rich vegetation signify?
Fresh air resulting to cooler air
45
Who created the Koppen Climate Classification System?
Wladimir Peter Koppen
46
Describe the Koppen Climate Classification System?
It uses colors to differentiate the 5 climate zones of the world
47
What are the 5 climate zones and its color code?
Zone A: Tropical/Equitorial Zone (blue) Zone B: Dry/Arid Zone (red, pink, orange) Zone C: Warm/Mild Zone (green) Zone D: Snow/Continental Zone (purple and light blue) Zone E: Polar Zone (grey)
48
What are the 3 code letters for the Koppen Climate Classification System?
S: dry season in summer W: dry season in winter F: no dry season
49
Describe Zone A?
Countries around the equator that are hot all year round and experience large amounts of perennial precipitation
50
What are the sub zones of Zone A?
AF: Tropical/Equatorial Rainforest AM: Tropical/Equatorial Monsoon AS: Dry Summer AW: Dry Winter
51
Describe AF?
Equatorial Rainforest, high temperature with average heavy precipitation
52
Describe AM?
Equatorial Monsoon, high temperature with annual heavy precipitation
53
Describe AS?
Dry Summer, distinct wet and dry seasons with heavy precipitation during winter (winter on the other side of the earth)
54
Describe AW?
Dry Winter, distinct wet and dry seasons with heavy precipitation during summer (summer on the other side of the earth)
55
Describe Zone B?
Arid/dry zone, countries at subtropical and continental regions. Low precipitation and humidity, with huge daily temperature range
56
What are the sub zones of Zone B?
BW: Arid BS: Semi-arid/Steppe
57
Describe BW?
Arid, desert climate
58
Describe BS?
Semi-arid/Steppe, grassland climate (mid to high temperatures with little precipitation)
59
What is a steppe?
Made up of montane grasslands, shrublands, and temperate grasslands
60
Describe Zone C?
Warm/mild zone, countries at coastal mid-latitude regions that experience mild summers and cool winters
61
Describe Zone D?
Snow/continental zone, countries at northern continents experiencing very cold winters and little precipitation
62
What else is present in zone D and where do they originate from?
Snowstorms and strong winds from the arctic circle
63
Describe Zone E?
Polar zone, countries at poles of the earth covered by permanent ice and tundra
64
What are the sub zones of Zone E?
ET: Tundra EF: Frost
65
Describe ET?
Tundra, below freezing
66
Describe EF?
Frost, permanent ice cover
67
What are the 2 zones without sub zones?
Zone C and D
68
When does solstice occur?
June 20 or 21, December 21 or 22
69
When does equinox occur?
March 21, September 23
70
What is Zone A and its color code?
Tropical/Equitorial Zone (blue)
71
What is Zone B and its color code?
Dry/Arid Zone (red, pink, orange)
72
What is Zone C and its color code?
Warm/Mild Zone (green)
73
What is Zone D and its color code?
Snow/Continental Zone (purple and light blue)
74
What is Zone E and its color code?
Polar Zone (grey)
75
What are the 4 natural causes of climate change?
Earth's motion: affects length of season and amount of solar radiation Tectonic plate movements: earthquakes and volcanic eruptions affects weather and climate Volcanic eruption: gases affects temperature drop Ocean circulation: changes in ocean circulation get more extreme each year
76
Does climate global warming cause climate change?
No

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