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Science > Impulse Momentum Theorem > Flashcards

Impulse Momentum Theorem Flashcards

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1
Q

How is momentum different from inertia?

A

Momentum is a vector while inertia is a scalar. Inertia is how much something resists motion while momentum is how much motion an object has.

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2
Q

How is change in momentum related to impulse?

A

Change in momentum is equal to impulse.

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3
Q

What are the conditions to achieve change in momentum?

A

Mass and velocity need to be increased or decreased.

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4
Q

Which do you think is harder to stop, motorcycle or truck?

A

Truck, because it has more mass, considering that they are moving in the same speed.

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5
Q

Why do you bend your knees when returning from a jump?

A

To prolong the time which lessens impact, hence lessening impulse to body. More time = less force.

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6
Q

What are Newton’s 3 laws of motion?

A

Law of inertia, acceleration, and interaction.

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7
Q

Definition of momentum? Formula? Unit?

A

Mass in motion.
P= mv
kgm/s

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8
Q

Is momentum a vector quantity? How?

A

Yes because mass is a scalar while velocity is a vector.

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9
Q

Define the law of inertia?

A

It is the natural tendency of an object to resist motion.

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10
Q

When is momentum negative?

A

When velocity direction is to the left.

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11
Q

When is momentum 0?

A

When an object is at rest.

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12
Q

What is the relationship between inertia and momentum?

A

Greater inertia = more momentum.

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13
Q

Define the law of acceleration? Its formula?

A

An unbalanced force can speed up or speed down an object. F= ma

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14
Q

How is Newton’s 2nd law related to momentum?

A

Unbalanced force = change in momentum.

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15
Q

Definition of impulse? Formula? Unit?

A

States that force and time are inversely proportional.
I= Ft
Ns

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16
Q

What can unbalanced forces cause and what does it change?

A

Unbalanced forces cause an object to speed up or speed down and it changes an object’s momentum.

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17
Q

Describe the impulse-momentum theorem?

A

Change in momentum = impulse.

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18
Q

Define the law of interaction?

A

Every action has its equal opposite reaction.

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19
Q

How is Newton’s third law related to collision?

A

Momentum before the collision is equal to momentum after the collision. Proves that every action has its equal opposite reaction.

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20
Q

Describe the law of conservation of momentum?

A

The total momentum of 2 or more objects remains constant unless an unbalanced force acts upon them.

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21
Q

What are the 3 units for energy?

A

J, Nm, kgm^2/s^2

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22
Q

Define energy?

A

The ability or capacity of something to do work.

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23
Q

Where is chemical energy from?

A

Chemical reactions.

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24
Q

Where is heat energy from?

A

Thermal processes.

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25
Q

Where is electrical energy from?

A

Charged particles.

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26
Q

Where is nuclear energy from?

A

Fusion of atoms.

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27
Q

Where is kinetic energy from?

A

Motion.

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28
Q

Where is potential energy from?

A

Position.

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29
Q

Where is mechanical energy from?

A

Position and Motion.

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30
Q

What is mechanical energy?

A

Energy transferred when work is done, and the sum of potential and kinetic energy.

31
Q

What are the 2 forms of mechanical energy?

A

Potential and kinetic energy.

32
Q

What is potential energy?

A

Stored energy that allows an object to do work and energy possessed due to position.

33
Q

What are the 2 types of potential energy?

A

GPE and EPE.

34
Q

Describe GPE? Formula?

A

Energy an object has due to its height.

mgh

35
Q

Describe EPE? Formula?

A

Energy an object has due to stretching or compressing.

kx^2/2

36
Q

What is kinetic energy? Formula?

A

Energy possessed due to motion. Depends on velocity.

mv^2/2

37
Q

Describe the conservation of mechanical energy?

A

Mechanical energy is always equal to the sum of kinetic and mechanical energies. The change in mechanical energy is 0 because no energy is created not destroyed but transferred.

38
Q

What are the 3 ways of heat transfer?

A

Conduction, convection, and radiation.

39
Q

How is heat transfer done?

A

From a region of hot to cold.

40
Q

Differentiate conduction, convection, and radiation?

A

Conduction: solid, contact
Convection: liquids or gases, density
Radiation: no object needed, waves

41
Q

What is the symbol for heat?

A

Q

42
Q

Define heat?

A

Another form of energy related to work.

43
Q

Do work and energy have the same unit? What are they?

A

Yes. J, Nm, kgm^2/s^2

44
Q

Define work? Formula? Unit?

A

Transfer of energy when force is applied through a distance.
W= Fd
J, Nm, kgm^2/s^2

45
Q

Give examples of not doing work?

A

Laying down or listening to a zoom class without moving

46
Q

What is the work-energy theorem?

A

When work is done, there is change in energy.

47
Q

What is Newtons equal to?

A

kgm/s^2

48
Q

When is work negative?

A

When speed of object decreases.

49
Q

Define power? Formula? Units?

A

Rate at which energy is transformed or work done in a certain period of time.
P= W/t
Watts or J/s

50
Q

What is mechanical work?

A

Amount of energy transferred due to work.

51
Q

Define the first law of thermodynamics?

A

States that when heat is added, the system does external work and its internal energy increases.

52
Q

Define the second law of thermodynamics?

A

States that once heat goes out the system with cold system, it cannot go back to its original state.

53
Q

Differentiate the main difference between heat pumps and heat engines?

A

Heat pumps flow from cold to hot while heat engines flow from hot to cold.

54
Q

Define efficiency?

A

Efficiency is the quality of work done by an engine to an object.

55
Q

What are the 2 formulas for efficiency and when are they used?

A

(Thot-Tcold)/Thot x 100% (KELVIN)

Qout/Qit) x 100% (JOULES

56
Q

How do you determine which number will be used for hot and cold when computing for efficiency?

A

The higher number will be designated for the hot air.

57
Q

How do you convert Celcius to Kelvin?

A

Add 273 to Celcius.

58
Q

Why is 100% efficiency not possible?

A

Because some of the air goes to the exhaust.

59
Q

What does low efficiency imply?

A

It means that more energy is used, hence a bigger bill is asked.

60
Q

How is an EEG useful?

A

Shows us the voltage capacity of an appliance, and we can use this to match it up with the capacity of our house’s voltage.

61
Q

Why are women more stable than men?

A

Women’s COMs are on the pelvic area while men’s are on the upper abdomen area.

62
Q

Why do old people need a cane for them to balance?

A

As people age, their posture changes, hence their COM adjusts.

63
Q

What method can we use to determine COM?

A

Plumbline method.

64
Q

What are the 3 types of equilibrium?

A

Stable, Unstable, and neutral equilibrium.

65
Q

Define stable equilibrium?

A

The object will have minimal to no movement when a force is applied. An example is an upright cone.

66
Q

Define unstable equilibrium?

A

The object will topple over when a force is applied. An example is an inverted cone.

67
Q

Define neutral equilibrium?

A

The object will roll over and change its position when a force is applied. An example is a cone on its side.

68
Q

Define base support?

A

Is the area within an object in contact with the ground.

69
Q

How can we maintain balance when we stand up for a long time?

A

We need to spread our feet to widen the base support.

70
Q

Differentiate Qout and Qin?

A

Qout is heat wasted while Qin is heat absorbed.

71
Q

Differentiate Thot and Tcold?

A

Thot is air from hot reservoir while Tcold is air from cold reservoir.

72
Q

Define heat engines?

A

They need air from hot reservoir in order for work to be done, then the excess heat goes to the exhaust, resulting to a lower temperature.

73
Q

Define heat pumps?

A

They need work to be done for cold air to be transferred to hot area.

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