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CE - Geography > Weather and Climate > Flashcards

Weather and Climate Flashcards

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1
Q

Air Mass

A

A very large body of air with relatively uniform temperature and moisture characteristics

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2
Q

Air Pressure

A

The weight of the air above a reference point, measured in millibars

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3
Q

Anticyclone

A

An area of high air pressure bringing clear skies

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4
Q

Atmosphere

A

The layer of air round the earth

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5
Q

Climate

A

The average weather over many years

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6
Q

Condensation

A

Gas becoming liquid

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7
Q

Convectional rainfall

A

Rain formed by the sun heating the land surface causing moist air to rise, condense and produce heavy rainfall

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8
Q

Depression

A

A cyclonic weather system bringing precipitation and winds

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9
Q

Drought

A

A prolonged period of below average precipitation

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10
Q

Evaporation

A

Liquid turning to gas

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11
Q

Fog

A

Cloud at ground level (reducing visibility to 1km)

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12
Q

Front

A

The boundary between warm and cool air masses

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13
Q

Frontal rainfall

A

Rain formed when warm, moist air rises over cold air, causing condensation and precipitation

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14
Q

Humidity

A

The moisture in the air

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15
Q

Isotherm

A

A line on a map joining points of equal temperature

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16
Q

Jet Stream

A

A fast-flowing, narrow air current found in the atmosphere

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17
Q

Microclimate

A

The local climate of a small area

18
Q

North Atlantic Drift

A

An ocean current which warms coastal areas in western Europe

19
Q

Precipitation

A

Rain, snow, hail, or sleet

20
Q

Prevailing wind

A

The most common direction of wind (SW in the British Isles)

21
Q

Relief rainfall

A

Rain formed when moist air is forced to rise over highland, causing cooling, condensation and precipitation

22
Q

What is the difference between weather and climate?

A

Weather - short term (day to day) variation in weather

Climate - general weather patterns over many years

23
Q

Examples of extreme weather events

A

Droughts, wildfires, and hurricanes

24
Q

When do droughts occur?

A

When there is abnormally low rainfall for an extended period of time

25
Q

What are the six main climate zones?

A
  • Polar/sub-polar
  • Temperate
  • Arid
  • Mountainous
  • Tropical
  • Mediterranean
26
Q

What are the factors affecting temperature?

A

Latitude
Altitude
Distance from the Sea
Ocean Currents
Prevailing Wind

27
Q

What is latitude?

A

How north or south a location is from the equator

28
Q

What is altitude?

A

The height of an object or location above a fixed reference point, such as sea level

29
Q

What is distance from the sea?

A

The land warms up and cools down more quickly than the sea; places further inland become hotter in summer and colder in winter.

30
Q

What is ocean currents?

A

Continuous movements of seawater in a specific direction

31
Q

What is prevailing wind?

A

The most common direction from which the wind blows

32
Q

What can cause microclimates?

A

Both natural and human factors.

33
Q

What are the factors affecting a microclimate?

A

Physical features
Aspect
Buildings
Surface
Shelter

34
Q

What is physical features?

A

Trees, lakes, rivers, hills

35
Q

What are buildings?

A

They offer shelter, but can funnel winds, give off heat and make shadows

36
Q

What is aspect?

A

Direction in which a place is facing in relation to the sun

37
Q

What is surface?

A

It influences air temperature - artificial surfaces warm up faster than natural ones

38
Q

What is shelter?

A

Buildings, natural features provide shelter and reduce wind, making it feel warmer

39
Q

What are the three main types of rainfall?

A

Relief, convectional, and frontal rainfall

40
Q

What is relief rainfall?

A
41
Q

What is convectional rainfall?

A
42
Q

What is frontal rainfall?

A

CE - Geography (9 decks)

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