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CE - Geography > Population > Flashcards

Population Flashcards

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1
Q

Sparsely populated

A

A small population, few people, per km squared

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2
Q

Densely populated

A

A high population, lot of people, per km squared

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3
Q

Population density

A

The number of people / km squared

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4
Q

Is the world’s population evenly distributed?

A

No

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5
Q

Give an example of a densely populated area.

A

Western Europe

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6
Q

Give an example of a sparsely populated area.

A

Central Australia

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7
Q

Give four human and physical for densely populated areas? (positive factors)

A

P - pleasant climate
P - flat or gently sloping land

H - money available for investment
H - industry and jobs

More
P - good fertile soil
P - good food supply
P - good water supply
H - good communication links
H - natural resources for industry

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8
Q

Give 4 human and physical for sparsely populated areas? (negative factors)

A

P - too hot or cold
P - dense forest

H - poor transport links
H - little industry

More
P - too wet or dry
P - steep slopes
P - poor soils
P -poor water supply
P - few natural resources
H -lack of investment

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9
Q

Overpopulation

A

Too many people in a country for the resources available.

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10
Q

What are 2 consequences of overpopulation?

A
  • Lack of clean water (diseases like cholera from dirty water)
  • Pressure on services

More:
- Lack of food
- Pressure on housing
- High energy needs
- Increasing pollution (link to global warming)

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11
Q

Natural Increase

A

Population growth due to number of births exceeding the number of deaths.

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12
Q

Birth Rate

A

Number of births per 1000 people / year.

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13
Q

Death rate

A

Number of death per 1000 people / year.

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14
Q

Infant Mortality Rate

A

The number of babies that die before their first birthday per 1000.

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15
Q

Why has the world population growth exploded?

A

It has expanded because of the developing countries, where the birth rate is higher than the death rate, causing a natural increase. This explosion started in 1950 and is predicted to peak in 2100.

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16
Q

What are the key factors in population change?

A

Birth Rate
Death Rate
Migration

17
Q

Migration

A

The movement of people from one place to another.

18
Q

International Migration

A

When people move from one country (the source) to another country (the host).

19
Q

Rural-urban migration

A

Movement of people from rural areas into towns or cities.

20
Q

What is a push factor (give 2 examples) ?

A

What forces people to leave (opposite of pull factor).

Unemployment
War or conflict

More
Low wages
Lack of medical care (illnesses go untreated)
No clean water
Poor school.

21
Q

What is a pull factor (give 2 examples) ?

A

Something which attracts people into an area or another country (opposite of push factor).

More jobs
Better education and health services

Higher wages
Medical services
Improving life expectancy

22
Q

Population structure

A

The number / proportion of people in each age range and broken down into gender.

23
Q

Population pyramid

A

Shows the population structure of the country it represents.

24
Q

Life expectancy

A

The average age an individual is expected to live in a particular country or region.

25
Q

What are the three group on a population pyramid?

A
  • Young dependents: 0-15 age group, do not work and do not pay taxes.
  • Economically active: 16-65 age group, working age and can provide taxes.
  • Elderly dependents: 65+ age group, retired, do not work and do not pay taxes.
26
Q

How does a population pyramid vary between developing and developed countries?

A

Developing countries (e.g. Kenya) have pyramids with a wide base, which shows a high birth, however the top is narrow, which shows a low life expectancy.

Developed countries (e.g. Germany) have pyramids with a narrow base, which shows a low birth rate, whereas the top is much wider than a developing country, which shows a long life expectancy.

27
Q

What is the DTM?

A

The Demographic Transition Model is a theory that suggests each country’s total population growth rate cycles through the five different stages as the country develops economically.

28
Q

What are 2 reasons that developing countries have high birth rates compared to developed countries?

A
  • Children needed for farming
  • High infant mortality rates

More
- Children needed to look after the elderly
- No sex ed
- No contraception
- Young marriages
- Boys preferred
- Large families have higher status
- Woman have no career
- Young aren’t travelling / no university

CE - Geography (9 decks)

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