Transport and Industry

Question 1

Brown field site

Answer 1

Disused or derelict urban land which is available for redevelopment.

Question 2

Business park

Answer 2

An area of land occupied by a cluster of businesses

Question 3

Containerisation

Answer 3

To transport goods in standard-side sealed containers.

Question 4

Distribution

Answer 4

The spread of places, people or data.

Question 5

Exploit

Answer 5

To seek and to use a natural resource for human benefit

Question 6

Greenfield site

Answer 6

Land that has not previously been built on.

Question 7

Globalisation

Answer 7

The way companies, products, ideas and lifestyles spread around the world and interact with one another.

Question 8

HIC (high income country)

Answer 8

Countries with a GNI per capita of above $12746 e.g. Germany and the USA.

Question 9

HS2

Answer 9

High Speed Railway 2 - a major transport project designed to
improve rail journeys in the UK

Question 10

LIC (low income country)

Answer 10

Countries with a GNI per capita of $1045 or less e.g. Chad and Ethiopia.

Question 11

MIC (middle income country)

Answer 11

Countries with a GNI per capita of more than $1045 but less than $12746 e.g. Mexico and Iraq

Question 12

Multinational

Answer 12

A company operating in several different countries.

Question 13

NIC (newly industrialised country)

Answer 13

A country whose economic development is between developing and highly developed classifications.

Question 14

Primary industry

Answer 14

Primary activities involve the collecting of food and raw material from the Earth.

Question 15

Quaternary industry

Answer 15

A high tech industry involving research and manufacturing, employing highly-skilled workers e.g. computer chips and pharmaceuticals.

Question 16

Raw materials

Answer 16

Mineral and agricultural resources which can be processed to make something else.

Question 17

Science park

Answer 17

A development of high-tech industries often close to a university.

Question 18

Secondary industry

Answer 18

An economic activity involving the manufacturing of goods.

Question 19

Service / tertiary industry

Answer 19

Tertiary activities provide a service e.g. nurse, doctor, teacher or cashier.

Question 20

What are the advantages and disadvantages of road transport?

Answer 20

Advantages:
- The speed of delivery is high
- Door-to-door service

Disadvantages:
- Emissions of noise pollution and toxic materials
- Possible traffic delay

Question 21

What are the advantages and disadvantages of rail transport?

Answer 21

Advantages:
- Carrying capacity is high
-The rapid speed of delivery

Disadvantages:
- Timetables and routes restricted
- Expensive cost for construction and maintenance

Question 22

What are the advantages and disadvantages of water transport?

Answer 22

Advantages:
- It has a high carrying capacity
- Cost effective for heavy and bulky goods

Disadvantages:
- It uses a high time for shipment
- The risk of accidents is high as the ship/boat could sink or lose cargo

Question 23

What are the advantages and disadvantages of air transport?

Answer 23

Advantages:
- It is high speed
-There is no physical barrier to this mode of transportation

Disadvantages:
- It is the costliest out of all other modes of transportation
- It needs trained individuals for a successful flight

Question 24

Why did containerisation lead to the decline of ports like The London Docklands?

Answer 24

Containers could be unloaded off ships further downstream and at new ports (e.g. Felixstowe).

Question 25

How does containerisation improve global trade?

Answer 25

The products are all corrugated in steel boxes of standard size so they can easily be transferred between different modes of transport - ship, lorry, train, etc.

Question 26

How do all industries’s operate systems work?

Answer 26

All industries operate systems are based on input, processing and output.

Question 27

How does economic development and employment change between LICs, MICs and HICs?

Answer 27

Countries in the early stages of development usually have a high percentage of people in the primary sector, because most people are engaged in agricultural activities. As a country begins to develop an industrial base, there is an increase in the secondary sector, and an increase in machinery on farms means fewer people are needed. People tend to migrate to urban areas to get jobs in factories. When a country becomes more economically developed, there is a greater demand for services such as education, healthcare and tourism, increasing the tertiary sector.

Question 28

How does Income per person evaluate the standard of living and the quality of life of the population?

Answer 28

Determines the average per-person income for an area (often called GNI per capita (gross national income per person).

Question 29

How does Life expectancy evaluate the standard of living and the quality of life of the population?

Answer 29

Estimate of the average age that member of a particular population group will be when they die.

Question 30

How does Health evaluate the standard of living and the quality of life of the population?

Answer 30

Access to healthcare affects life expectancy and quality of life.

Question 31

How does Literacy evaluate the standard of living and the quality of life of the population?

Answer 31

The ability to read and write affects the jobs available to people and also education around issues like health.

Question 32

How does Housing evaluate the standard of living and the quality of life of the population?

Answer 32

Access to a safe a healthy home is an important factor when considering the quality of life.

Question 33

How does Economic growth evaluate the standard of living and the quality of life of the population?

Answer 33

The increase in the value of an economy’s goods and services creates more profit for businesses.

Question 34

What are some factors to consider when choosing the location of an industry?

Answer 34

• Access/location of raw materials
• Access to energy supply
• Site - flat land, room to expand
• Labour - cost, skill level, quantity
• Proximity to market
• Transport routes
• Cost of land
• Capital (money to invest)
• Greenfield/brownfield site
• Government policies

Question 35

How have industries developed over time in the UK?

Answer 35