Weather and Climate ✅

Question 1

What is weather?

Answer 1

Day to day changes in the atmosphere at a given time and place. It is measured by temperature, precipitation, wind speed and direction, cloud cover and air quality

Question 2

What is climate?

Answer 2

The long term weather pattern of an area (total of average weather conditions recorded over 30 years.) It is measured by temperature, precipitation and wind

Question 3

Why does weather happen?

Answer 3

• The sun heats the earth unevenly
• The earth warms the air which rises
• Rising air leads to wind because the colder air flow under to replace it
• The sun’s heat also causes water to evaporate making water vapour
• The air cools as it rises which makes the water cycle and then rain/snow/hail/etc

Question 4

What are the layers of the atmosphere?

Answer 4

(From bottom to top)
Troposphere (0-10km), stratosphere (10-45km), mesosphere (45-80km),
thermosphere (80-700km),
exosphere (700-10,000km)

Question 5

Where do the northern lights happen?

Answer 5

The thermosphere

Question 6

Where does 99% of weather happen?

Answer 6

The troposphere cause that is where all the clouds are

Question 7

What are the air masses?

Answer 7

Polar air mass
Tropical air mass
Maratime air mass
Continental air mass

Question 8

What is the prevailing (most common)wind?

Answer 8

Warm ocean current

Question 9

What do warming ocean currents do?

Answer 9

They transfer heat around the world which brings warm water from the Caribbean, which makes west coast areas warmer

Question 10

How many days a year does it rain in Great Britain?

Answer 10

199 days a year

Question 11

Where does most of our rain come from?

Answer 11

The Atlantic Ocean

Question 12

Where is the rainiest city in the UK?

Answer 12

SwanSEA

Clues in the name 😜😂

Question 13

Does the water cycle ever end?

Answer 13

NOOOOOOOO
the water cycle is never-ending, between sea, air and land.
It is also a closed system. That means no water is added or removed, so the amount of water in the cycle stays the same

Question 14

What is a flow/ transfer?

Answer 14

Movement in the water cycle system

Question 15

How do clouds form?

Answer 15

When the water evaporates, water vapour rises and condense around a nucleus, which the vapour sticks to. This forms a cloud, which gradually falls down and rains

Question 16

What are the 3 main types of rain?

Answer 16

Frontal rainfall
Orographic/ Relief rainfall
Convection rainfall

Question 17

What is Orographic rainfall?

Answer 17

When air forms clouds and rains.

Air is forced over the mountains which cools, condenses, makes clouds, and rains. Air descends then warms, which means there is less rainfall overall, so the clouds go and the rain stops. It’s called rain shadow

Question 18

What is convection rainfall?

Answer 18

Unstable atmosphere, cauliflower clouds, smaller range.

Sun heats up the ground, so air rises fast through convection currents. As it rises, it cools quickly, so large clouds form, which are unable to hold all the water. This makes torrential rain and thunderstorms

Question 19

What is frontal rainfall?

Answer 19

When 2 air masses meet.

Warm and cold air masses meet, so the warm air rises, making clouds, and is forced up so it rains

Question 20

What is air pressure?

Answer 20

The weight of air pressing down on the earth’s surface.

Question 21

What is the average air pressure?

Answer 21

1000mB

Question 22

What are depressions and anticyclones?

Answer 22

The air molecules pack together, push down, and make higher air pressure so the weather gets warmer and makes and anticyclone. A depression is when it gets colder

Question 23

What is an isobar?

Answer 23

Lines to join together points of the same pressure

Question 24

What is low pressure a sign of?

Answer 24

Unsettled weather, stormy, cloudy, wet, windy

Question 25

What is high-pressure a sign of?

Answer 25

Fire weather, calm clear skies, hot in summer, cold in winter

Question 26

What is the definition of extreme weather?

Answer 26

An unusual weather event that is unpredictable and can cause widespread damage

Question 27

What is the definition of dredging?

Answer 27

Clearing the bottom of an area of water to scoop out mud, rocks and rubbish which also in enlarges the channel so that it can hold more water

Question 28

What is microclimate?

Answer 28

A microclimate is long-term weather condition that is found in a relatively small area

Question 29

What could a microclimate be caused by?

Answer 29

Altitude, aspect, buildings or physical features or surface colour

Question 30

How does aspect cause a microclimate?

Answer 30

Aspect is the direction which places face. places facing the Sun would be warmer

Question 31

How does a surface colour affect a microclimate?

Answer 31

Lighter surfaces stay cooler because they reflect light and dark surfaces heat up faster because they absorb light

Question 32

How to buildings and other physical features affect microclimates?

Answer 32

Wind gets broken up by buildings, the vegetation, hills and mountains water makes the air cooler and buildings give off heat which makes the air warmer

Question 33

what rules should you follow when drawing a climate graph?

Answer 33

Pencil label in pen, relevant title, accurately plotted data, units on the X and Y axis, straight lines with a ruler, axes labelled clearly with a name, rain on blue bars with the same width and equals spread, temperature on the red line plotted halfway through the month squares, months of year on the bottom, rain and temperature on the side

Question 34

What causes an urban microclimate?

Answer 34

Pollution makes fog more likely,
Vehicles increase temperature and pollution, tarmac and concrete increase temperature, high rise buildings cause wind, high temperature make less snow and frost as well as more thunderstorms

Question 35

What is anUrban heat island?

Answer 35

A concentration of high temperature recorded in the city

Question 36

What are some causes of an urban heat island?

Answer 36

When heat is absorbed, When he comes from homes and when he comes from vehicles