Rivers and Flooding ✅

Question 1

What is groundwater flow?

Answer 1

Water in rock flows downhill.

Question 2

What is a drainage basin?

Answer 2

The area of land by a river where the water cycle takes place

Question 3

What is transpiration?

Answer 3

The evaporation of water from plants

Question 4

What is percolation?

Answer 4

When water moves vertically through the soil and rock

Question 5

What is infiltration?

Answer 5

When water soaks into the soil

Question 6

What is surface runoff?

Answer 6

When water flows above the ground

Question 7

What is surface storage?

Answer 7

When water lies on the ground as puddles or lakes

Question 8

What is interception?

Answer 8

When water droplets collect on trees or plants

Question 9

What is through flow?

Answer 9

When water in the soil moves downhill

Question 10

What is watershed?

Answer 10

A ridge of land or area which separates the drainage basins

Question 11

What is a confluence?

Answer 11

The spot where a smaller stream or river feeds into a larger one

Question 12

What happens at the source of the river severn?

Answer 12

The water emerges from the bog and becomes a flowing stream

Question 13

What is erosion?

Answer 13

The wearing away of the river bed and banks by the moving water and the load that it carries

Question 14

What is transportation?

Answer 14

The movement of pebbles, sand and mud down a river

Question 15

What is Deposition?

Answer 15

When a river drops its load and it builds up on the bottom

Question 16

What are the 4 processes of erosion?

Answer 16

Attrition, abrasion, solution and hydraulic action

Question 17

What is attrition?

Answer 17

When the rocks and river knock together and wear away the banks

Question 18

What is abrasion?

Answer 18

When the bank is worn away like sandpaper

Question 19

What is solution?

Answer 19

When the water dissolves the rocks

Question 20

What is hydraulic action?

Answer 20

When water is forced into the cracks in the bank

Question 21

What are the 4 processes of transportation?

Answer 21

Suspension, solution, traction and saltation

Question 22

What is suspension?

Answer 22

Small materials carried along the river

Question 23

What is solution?

Answer 23

Dissolved material carried along the river

Question 24

What is traction?

Answer 24

Large stones that roll along the riverbed

Question 25

What is saltation?

Answer 25

When small pebbles bounce along the riverbed

Question 26

How is the larger sediment deposited?

Answer 26

It is deposited first and it rolls along the river bed

Question 27

How is the smaller sediment deposited?

Answer 27

It is carried further then deposited on the river bed or banks

Question 28

What are interlocking Spurs?

Answer 28

The ridges of land that the river weaves past. The river flows past these chunks of land making a v shaped valley

Question 29

How is a gorge formed?

Answer 29

When a waterfall retreats and the ledge collapses

Question 30

How is an oxbow lake formed?

Answer 30

There is a meander in the river, which gets worn away from the fast river eroding

The river takes a shortcut and makes this shape: |> but it’s still attached

The > bit detaches and make an oxbow lake

Question 31

What is a levee?

Answer 31

A raised river bank naturally formed that reduces flood risk

Question 32

What is a delta?

Answer 32

When sediment is dropped at the river mouth and it builds up in layers

Question 33

What is hard engineering?

Answer 33

Creating and using man-made structures to prevent or control natural processes usually very expensive such as dams, river straightening and changing the capacity of the discharge

Question 34

What is discharge?

Answer 34

The volume of water flowing through the river channel

Question 35

What is soft engineering?

Answer 35

Working with natural river processes to manage the flood risk without building structures

Question 36

What are some examples of soft engineering?

Answer 36

Afforestation, River restoration, Floodplain zoning and flood storage plains