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FAA exam > Weather > Flashcards

Weather Flashcards

1
Q

What is standard pressure in millibars?

A

1013.2 mb

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2
Q

What is the standard change in temperature and pressure per 1,000 feet?

A

2 degrees Celcius and one psi

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3
Q

What is Coriolis force?

A

In Northern Hemisphere, where areas of high pressure get deflected to the right when moving into areas of low pressure (ie. wind) and moving to higher altitude.

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4
Q

Air circulates ____ around a high pressure area, and ____ around a low

A

clockwise, counterclockwise

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5
Q

Lines denoting areas of equal pressure are called

A

isobars

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6
Q

Which moves faster, a cold or warm front

A

cold

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7
Q

Atmospheric stability is ______

A

resistance of atmosphere to vertical movement

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8
Q

What is difference between ambient temperature lapse rate and adiabatic lapse rate?

A

Ambient is the actual change in temperature by vertical height, and adiabatic is 3 degrees C/1000 ft

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9
Q

What is the dew point lapse rate?

A

Temperature and dewpoint converge by approximately 4.4 degrees F per 1000 ft

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10
Q

What are the four families of clouds?

A

High, middle, and low, and clouds with extensive vertical development

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11
Q

What causes sea breezes?

A

Sea breezes are caused by cool and more dense air moving inland off the water. Once inland over the warmer land, the air heats up and rises. Currents push the air over the water where it cools and descends, starting the process over again

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12
Q

A front is _________

A

A front is the zone of transition (boundary) between two air masses of different density, e.g., the area separating a high pressure system and a low pressure system.

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13
Q

There is always a change in ______ across a front

A

wind

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14
Q

The most recognizable change across a front is ______

A

temperature

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15
Q

What are the three phases of a thunderstorm?

A

Cumulus, mature, dissipating

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16
Q

What are the three requirements for a thunderstorm?

A

Sufficient water vapor, unstable lapse rate, initial upward boost to start the process

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17
Q

Structural icing requires which two conditions?

A

Visible moisture and temperature below or at freezing

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18
Q

What two conditions promote mountain waves?

A

stable air, winds over 40 kts

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19
Q

Expect wind sheer in temperature inversion when _____

A

2,500 to 4,000 AGL, winds at least 25 kts

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20
Q

diation fog (shallow fog) is most likely to occur when

A

there is a clear sky, little or no wind, and a small temperature/dew point spread.

21
Q

Advection fog forms as a result of

A

moist air condensing as it moves over a cooler surface

22
Q

Upslope fog results from

A

warm, moist air being cooled as it is forced up sloping terrain

23
Q

Precipitation-induced fog occurs when

A

warm rain or drizzle falls through cool air and evaporation from the precipitation saturates the cool air and forms fog

24
Q

Steam fog forms _________

A

in winter when cold, dry air passes from land areas over comparatively warm ocean waters. It is composed entirely of water droplets that often freeze quickly

25
Q

What are two issues associated with steam fog?

A

Low-level turbulence can occur, and icing can become hazardous in steam fog.

26
Q

What are the four families of clouds?

A

High clouds
Middle clouds
Low clouds
Clouds with extensive vertical development

27
Q

What is the lapse rate for convective currents?

A

5.4 degrees F per 1000 ft.

28
Q

The dew point _____ 1 degree F per 1000 ft

A

decreases

29
Q

What are four characteristics of stable air?

A

Stratiform clouds
Smooth air
Fair-to-poor visibility in haze and smoke
Continuous precipitation

30
Q

What are four characteristics of unstable air?

A

Cumuliform clouds
Turbulent air
Good visibility
Showery precipitation

31
Q

Lapse rate means ______

A

decrease in temperature with increase in altitude

32
Q

Lapse rate is used to determine ______

A

The stability of air masses

33
Q

What is ballooning effect?

A

When on final approach, fly over region void of vegetation and convection currents cause you to miss runway

34
Q

What is sinking effect?

A

When on final approach, you fly over body of water or other cool spot. Causes plane to sink

35
Q

What is adiabatic heating?

A

When pressure on a gas from external source causes it to heat

36
Q

What is adiabatic cooling?

A

When air expands, and cools down

37
Q

What is adiabatic?

A

gas heats or cools without adding or subtracting heat

38
Q

What is a trough?

A

elongated area of low pressure

39
Q

What is a ridge?

A

elongated area of high pressure

40
Q

What is a col?

A

Where ridge and trough intersect

41
Q

What is relative humidity?

A

water vapor present in air/maximum it can hold at that temperature

42
Q

What is latent heat of evaporation?

A

cooling of a surface when water evaporates (like precipitation on skin)

43
Q

What is a frontal inversion?

A

When warm air spreads above cooler air, or colder air is forced under layer of warm air

44
Q

What is difference between radiation fog and advection fog?

A

The latter requires wind

45
Q

What type of clouds form from advection fog if winds are above 15 kts

A

stratus

46
Q

Differentiate drizzle from rain

A

Drizzle is water droplets <0.02 inches, otherwise it is rain

47
Q

What is virga?

A

rain that evaporates before it hits the ground

48
Q

What two conditions lead to frost on airplane?

A

Temperature of collecting surface is at or below the dewpoint of the adjacent air and the dewpoint is below freezing

FAA exam (12 decks)

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