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Geography > Weather > Flashcards

Weather Flashcards

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1
Q

Define weather

A

The day to day changes in the conditions of the atmosphere

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2
Q

Define climate

A

Average conditions of the weather taken over a long period of time, usually 35 years

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3
Q

Name the instrument used to measure temperature and units measured in

A

Digital thermometer
Measured in °C

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4
Q

Instrument used to measure precipitation and units used.

A

Rain gauge
Measured in millimetres

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5
Q

Instrument used to measure wind direction and units

A

Wind vane
8 compass points

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6
Q

Instrument that measures wind speed and units used

A

Anemometer
Knots

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7
Q

Instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure

A

Barometer
Millibars

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8
Q

Instrument used to measure cloud types

A

Sight

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9
Q

Instrument and units of cloud cover

A

Sight
Oktas

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10
Q

Name the main cloud types

A

Cirus
Stratus
Cumulus
Cumulonimbus

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11
Q

Describe the cirrus cloud

A

Thin whisky white clouds
High in the sky
Contains ice crystals

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12
Q

Describe cumulus clouds

A

Low puffy and piled up
Usually indicate fair weather but can sometimes indicate rain

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13
Q

Describe stratus clouds

A

Uniform layers of cloud
Low lying
Grey colour

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14
Q

Describe cumulonimbus clouds

A

Tall fluffy grey clouds
Indicate thunderstorms and rain

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15
Q

How do land based stations help forecast weather

A

The will measure weather that people experience. Measure elements such as temperature, rainfall, mean wind speed and duration of sunshine.

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16
Q

How do sources of data in the air help forecast weather?

A

Most data is captured in digital from from space, using satellites.

17
Q

What data do satellites capture?

A

Snowfall, wildfire locations, Doppler radar images of precipitation.

18
Q

What is a satellite

A

A satellite is a small spacecraft that carries specific weather instruments.

19
Q

What is a geostationary satellite?

A

A satellite which has a geostationary orbit is one which moves at the same speed as the earths rotation meaning it covers one spot.

20
Q

What is a polar orbiting satellite?

A

Passes the same point every 12 hours provides a changing picture of the weather.

21
Q

What is used at sea to measure conditions and what conditions are measured?

A

A buoy is used. These measure usual weather climate statistics, sea temperature, wave heights and swell.

22
Q

Which factors affect climate?

A

Prevailing wind
Latitude
Altitude
Distance from sea

23
Q

How does prevailing wind affect the climate

A

Prevailing wind is the most commonly experienced wind direction in a place. The wind temperature and amount of rainfall depend on where the air has come from. Places with prevailing winds from dry hot continental interiors end up with a desert climate.

24
Q

How does latitude affect the climate

A

The further you get from the equator the colder it gets. This is due to the curvature of the Earth and angle at which sun rays hit. Places near the equator get stronger more direct concentrated radiation from the sun.

25
Q

How does altitude affect climate?

A

Temperature drops as height above sea level increases. It decreases by 1.0°C for every 100 m you go up. The atmosphere isn’t directly heated by the sun but by the earths surface and is distributed by conduction and convection. Therefore the further away form the surface the colder the air. Air also loses temperature as the higher it is the less dense it gets meaning not as much air to hold heat.

26
Q

How does distance from the sea affect climate?

A

The sea warms and cools at a slower rate than the land. A sea has a greater thermal capacity, and holds on to its heat. This is because it is transparent and solar energy is absorbed to greater depths. As a result sea breezes keep costal areas warmer in the winter and cooler in the summer.

27
Q

Name the 4 air masses which affect the British isles

A

Polar maritime
Tropical maritime
Tropical continental
Polar continental

28
Q

Characteristics of tropical maritime airmass

A

Direction; south-westerly

Picks up moisture from the sea surface and so brings wet weather to the British isles

Mild and wet in winter
Warm and rainy in summer

29
Q

Tropical continental characteristics

A

Direction: south-easterly

Dry as it forms over land surfaces

Mild and dry in winter
Hot and dry in summer
More common in summer creates heatwave conditions

30
Q

Polar maritime characteristics

A

Direction: north westerly

Wet as it picks up moisture as it travels over the arctic or North Atlantic Ocean

Cold and wet in winter
Cool and damp in summer
Rarely experienced outside winter months

31
Q

Polar continental characteristics

A

Direction: north easterly

Dry as it comes over northern Asia land mass

Cold and dry in winter
Hot and dry in summer
Mainly affects the British isles during winter half of the year.

32
Q

Name the thyphoon which hit the Philippines

A

Typhoon Haiyan

33
Q

What was the date of Typhoon Haiyan hitting the Philippines

A

8th November 2013

34
Q

Name impacts on people of Typhoon Haiyan

A

The storm caused 6190 deaths and over 1785 people were reported missing
Most deaths occurred in Tacloban
When typhoon Haiyan made landfall, 371000 people were evacuated and many ended up living in refugee centres which eventually got destroyed due to strong winds
Caused food shortages for 25 million people
Further death was caused by diseases such as cholera and dysentery due to decaying corpses and raw sewage spread by flood water contaminating water supplies
Electricity supplies were disrupted e.g Bogo was blacked out and it took weeks to restore

35
Q

Name impacts on property due to Typhoon Haiyan

A

Five million people had homes severely damaged or destroyed
90% of all structures were wiped out across a 500 mile radius from the eye of typhoon Haiyan
Those made homeless were mainly in the western and eastern Visayas
10,390 schools were destroyed
Even newly built civic buildings could not withstand the powerful wind and high storm surge
It destroyed all but the new Bogo town hall which only had it roof torn off and a few smashed windows
Tacloban an indoor stadium with a reinforced roof was flooded killing the people sheltering inside
The main Tacloban airport was severely damaged by a 5.2 meter storm surge which reached the height of the second story
The runways were submerged by water and could not be used for landing and take off

36
Q

What way does the wind blow in a depression

A

Anti-clockwise

Geography (6 decks)

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