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Y4 FA - Pigs > Weaner pigs > Flashcards

Weaner pigs Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the key features for life as a suckling pig

A

Sheer bliss!
Environment/territory
Food reward
Trained/group feeding

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2
Q

Describe the process of weaning and the legal minimum for weaning

A
  • Taken off milk
  • Moved onto solid feed
  • Legal minimums = 28 days
  • Groups: social hierarchy (influence of batch production)
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3
Q

List some weaning targets in pig production

A

Weaned / sow > 11.5
Weaning weight > 7kg (@~28 days)
Bigger pigs fare better post weaning (not always true for older pigs)
Aiming to wean > 100kg / sow

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4
Q

What are the requirements for the environment of pigs post weaning

A
  • Feed: creep feeling, little and often
  • Water
  • Heat
  • Air movement: Don’t want draughts i.e. air movement at pig height
  • Social
  • Lying/dunging area
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5
Q

What are the environmental considerations for post-weaned pigs?

A

Hygiene
Temperature
Humidity – not good for respiratory systems
Zones
Ventilation – high tech monitoring available

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6
Q

Which factors of post-weaning management can go wrong?

A
  • Too young / small
  • Failure of gut development
  • Hypothermia
  • Infection pressure too high
  • Stress: space, allowances
  • Loss of condition – tucked in
  • Navel sucking
  • Vices: ear/flank biting
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7
Q

How should you manage piglets that are unlikely to grow and reach the sale?

A

Euthanasie

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7
Q

How should you manage piglets that are unlikely to grow and reach the sale?

A

Euthanase

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8
Q

How should you manage piglets that are will grow and reach the sale, but are of poorer health?

A

Specialist accommodation, feed, electrolytes, medication (not to be moved backwards into the farrowing section)

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9
Q

List some potential triggers of gut problems in pigs post weaning

A

Dietary and feeding changes
Temperature changes
Draughts
Inadequate hygiene
Overeating
Historical GIT damage
Enteric infections

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10
Q

Name the 2 most common causes of enteric infections in post-weaned pigs

A

E.coli
Salmonella

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11
Q

How do post-weaning pigs present with E.coli

A
  • Sudden onset watery scour around one week post weaning
  • Loss of condition – dehydration (Cant use skin tent)
  • Will see sunken eyes
  • Mild pyrexia and can cause some sudden deaths
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12
Q

Where in the GIT is affected by E.coli

A

Distal small intestine

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13
Q

Describe treatment of E.coli infections in post-weaned pigs

A
  • Treatment needs to be swift, with diagnostics to support
  • Water medication simple and effective
  • Antibiotics: simplest possible apramycin, neomycin, spectinomycin. CIAs only if required
  • Hygiene an important role Vaccination if appropriate
  • Zinc oxide delivered in feed – time limited
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14
Q

How do post-weaning pigs present with Salmonella?

A

Low grade scour – indistinguishable from E.coli
High mortality necrotic enteritis more obvious clinically

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15
Q

Where in the GIT is affected by Salmonella?

A

Distal small intestine and large intestine affected

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16
Q

How is Salmonella controlled and prevented?

A

Control needs to be aggressive to be effective - Antibiotics
Prevention – water acidification can be best hygiene (potential vaccination)

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17
Q

What are some other enteric causes of problems in post-weaned pigs?

A

Nutritional imbalance -> microbiome effect
Early ileitis
Early colitis
Rotavirus
PCV2
PED (notifiable)

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18
Q

Name 5 causes of nervous disease in post-weaned pigs

A

Bacterial meningitis - Streptococcus suis, Glaesserella parasuis
Oedema disease – E.coli
Water deprivation
Middle ear disease
Toxicities

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19
Q

List the clinical signs of meningitis

A

Pyrexia, Nystagmus, Trembling, Collapse, Convulsions / spasms, Sudden death

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20
Q

How is meningitis diagnosed?

A

Diagnostics on post mortem via laboratory culture + typing + histopathology

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21
Q

Name the agent which most commonly causes meningitis in post-weaned pigs

A

Streptococcus suis type 2

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22
Q

Post-weaning when does meningitis mostly occur?

A

Trigger points around 2-4 weeks post weaning (humidity, stress, mixing, moving)
Often other complicating factors (e.g PRRS)

23
Q

Describe treatment of meningitis in post-weaned pigs

A

Treatment needs to be prompt antibiotics – penicillins, florfenicol.
Anti-inflammatories (steroid) & water (per rectum), bedding, darkness, warmth, quiet
Prevention difficult – triggers, metaphylaxis (vaccination)

24
Q

Meningitis is also linked to which agent as part of the systemic infection?

A

Glaesserella parasuis

25
Q

What is the cause of oedema disease?

A

Shigatoxin producing strains of E.coli cause oedema of the brain, omentum, gastric mucosa and peritoneum

26
Q

When does oedema disease occur, what clinical signs are seen?

A

Usually within a month of weaning, giving sudden deaths, convulsions, pyrexia, puffy eyelids, oedema over the skull, and high pitched squealing (laryngeal oedema)

27
Q

On PME, where is oedema most obvious as a sign of oedema disease

A

Spiral colon mesentery

28
Q

How is oedema disease treated?

A
  • Toxins can make this difficult to treat
  • Anti-inflammatories, water soluble antibiotics (in feed?)
  • Often at changeover of feed, so nutrition has a role
  • Vaccination an option from 4 days of age – appears relatively effective & an increase in use recently
29
Q

Describe salt poisoning in pigs

A

Water deprivation, for any reason, causes severe dehydration

30
Q

Describe the clinical presentation of pigs with water deprivation/salt poisoning

A

Usually in grower / finisher stage – sudden onset nervous disease in multiple pigs, odd behaviour around water points, collapse, rolling, convulsions

31
Q

How should water deprivation/salt poisoning not be treated?

A

Rapid rehydration makes the cases worse – avoid!
Rapid rehydration gives swelling of brain – osmosis

32
Q

How can water deprivation/salt poisoning be treated?

A

Small amounts of water every couple of hours is effective
Severe dehydration increases salt content in CSF
Steroids can help – slow rehydration is imperative (IV drips (!) if warranted)

33
Q

Middle ear disease is clinically indistinguishable from?

A

Early meningitis

34
Q

How does middle ear disease present?

A

Usually inner ear is affected, giving head tilt and head shaking
Can progress to meningitis, plus can stay into the later growing period

35
Q

Describe the effects of Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex on weaner pigs

A

Coughing, Sneezing, Pyrexia, Conjunctivitis, Dyspnoea, Cyanosis
Decreased appetite -> Loss of condition
Mortality

36
Q

Describe the PM findings of Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex in weaned pigs

A

Pleurisy, pericarditis, peritonitis, polyserositis

37
Q

Describe the clinical signs of swine influenza

A

Acute disease with short incubation
Coughing, pyrexia, decreased feed intake, depression

38
Q

Describe the epizootic form of swine influenza

A

Multiple ages affected, sudden onset

39
Q

How is swine influenza managed/treated

A
  • Supportive treatment can reduce impact
  • Individual treatment with NSAIDs
  • Group treatment with NSAIDs
  • Antibiotics only if secondary bacterial disease risk
  • Control can be via vaccine use (although not accurate) and biosecurity
40
Q

Describe the aetiology of progressive atrophic rhinitis

A
  • Initial rhinitis, sneezing -> destruction of the turbinates
  • Pasteurella multocida type D toxin producing strain
  • Increases secondary infections, leading to decreased growth
41
Q

Post weaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome is caused by?

A

Porcine Circovirus type 2

42
Q

Describe the clinical signs of Post weaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome

A
  • Rapid loss of condition
  • Generalised lymphadenopathy with immunosuppression
43
Q

How is Post weaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome controlled?

A

Vaccination exceedingly effective with 95+% of the UK herd vaccinated

44
Q

How can respiratory disease be controlled on farms?

A
  • Need to stop cycling of disease between groups (age, batches, pig flow, AIAO, hygiene)
  • Reduction of stress (stocking, water, feed, temperature)
  • Diagnose and control specific infections (vaccination, medication)
  • Eliminate certain pathogens
45
Q

Name the causative agent of greasy pig disease

A

Staphylococcus hyicus

46
Q

Describe the main features of greasy pig disease

A

Skin commensal, often causes clinical disease due to immunosuppression, fighting, high humidity
Loss of fluid can be fatal – non-itchy

47
Q

How is greasy pig disease treated?

A
  • Treatment with penicillins or lincomycin (injection) along with skin washes of Savlon are usually effective
  • Hygiene is important for control, along with minimizing fighting and humidity
48
Q

What is the cause of ear tip necrosis?

A

Staphylococcus infection

49
Q

When does ear tip necrosis present?

A

Usually bilateral and dry, from around 7-12 weeks of age

50
Q

How is ear tip necrosis managed?

A

Trigger factors are unclear, although humidity appears to play a role.
Tends to heal on its own if left – beware other pigs stopping this from happening

51
Q

What is the most common skin parasite of pigs?

A

Sarcoptic manage - uncommon in commercial pigs

52
Q

How does sarcoptic mange in pigs present?

A

Presents as intense pruritis, leading to dermatitis, crusting, lameness, lethargy and slowed growth
Simple to treat with ivermectins, plus bathe to stop secondary infections

53
Q

Describe ringworm infections in pigs

A
  • Not common commercially, but can appear in herds that have not seen it before
  • Not particularly pruritic in pigs – Zoonotic potential
  • Clears with UV light – other treatments not greatly effective
54
Q

Name the condition termed ‘false ringworm’

A

Pityriasis rosea

55
Q

Describe the main features of Pityriasis rosea

A

Auto-immune
Sporadic dramatic appearance at 5-7 weeks old
Non-pruritic spreading rings – no other signs
Spontaneously resolves – inherited

Y4 FA - Pigs (10 decks)

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