Notifiable and significant exotic diseases of pigs Flashcards
What does notification of diseases mean?
Report SUSPICION of notifiable disease to APHA Duty Vet
As a new graduate maybe speak to a colleague before notifying
What are some reasons a disease may become notifiable?
- International trade and animal / human welfare
- Devastating infectious disease
- High mortality/morbidity
- Debility if survive
- Confusion of diagnosis
- Public Health – Zoonotic implications
- Affects on wider society – trade barriers
What are the consequences of notifiable disease suspicion?
- Depends on the disease
- Restrictions on movements from farm
- Restrictions on deliveries to farm
- Restrictions on you
- Protection zones, Surveillance zones
- Possible export restrictions
- Publicity!!
List some porcine notifiable diseases
- Foot and mouth disease
- Swine vesicular disease
- Classical swine fever
- African swine fever
- Porcine epidemic diarrhoea
- Aujeszky’s disease
- Anthrax
- Rabies
Which features of a notifiable disease can lead to suspecting it
- Clinical signs, Pathological signs
- Epidemiological picture
- Disease affecting all or many different age groups that cannot be distinguished from known diseases
- Circumstances of the animal e.g. pet pigs at risk from table scraps
Which type of virus causes foot and mouth disease?
Picorna virus
Describe the impacts of foot and mouth disease
- Highly contagious (airborne), Variable severity
- Difficult to control and a major international trade issue
- Causes serious production losses and, in young stock, particularly lambs and piglets, it can result in high mortality rates
What is the incubation period of foot and mouth disease? what does this depend on?
2-14d
Depends on:
- Dose of the virus
- Strain of the virus
- Route of infection
How is foot and mouth disease spread?
- FMDV is present in the fluid inside the blisters, saliva, urine, dung, milk and exhaled air
- At the height of the disease, the virus is present in the blood
- Animals may become infected with FMDV through direct or indirect (fomites, feed, aerosols) contact with an infected animal
Describe the transmission routes of foot and mouth disease
- Direct contact between infected and susceptible animals
- Direct contact of susceptible animals with contaminated inanimate objects
- Consumption (primarily by pigs) of untreated contaminated meat products (swill feeding).
- Artificial insemination with contaminated semen
- Inhalation of infectious aerosols
- Airborne, especially temperate zones (up to 60 km overland and 300 km by sea)
How can humans be involved in foot and mouth transmission?
Humans can harbour FMDV in their respiratory tract for 24–48 hours, leading to the common practice of 3-5 days of personal quarantine for personnel exposed in research facilities
List the clinical signs of foot and mouth disease in pigs
- Pyrexia
- Sudden lameness: lie down and unwilling to move
- Formation of vesicles on the feet (where the skin and horn meet), snout or tongue
- Reluctant to feed
- Large portion of the herd affected
- Abortion or sudden death
In foot and mouth disease death can occur before the formation of blisters due to…?
Multifocal myocarditis
Describe some typical ‘day 1 lesions’ for foot and mouth disease in pigs
Area above the coronary band is swollen and appears to sit higher than normal
White coronary band is full of fluid, feet are hot
Lesions on the snout are full of fluid
Describe some typical ‘day 3 lesions’ for foot and mouth disease in pigs
Lesions on the claws
Feet become dirty as faeces sticks to the fluid
Can lose hooves
List the DDx for foot and mouth disease in pigs
- Swine vesicular disease
- Vesicular exanthema
- Vesicular stomatitis
- Seneca Valley A virus
- Chemical agents
- Trauma
Describe the main features of swine vesicular disease
Enterovirus
It mainly causes vesicles on the feet but occasionally on the snout and other sites