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Praxis > Weaker Areas > Flashcards

Weaker Areas Flashcards

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1
Q

Non fluent aphasias

A

Good comp: Brocas and transcortical motor

Poor comp: mixed non fluent and global

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2
Q

Fluent aphasias

A

Good comp: conduction and anomic

Poor comp: wernickes and transcortical sensory

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3
Q

Brocas aphasia

A

Bromann’s areas 44 and 45

Good comp

Can’t repeat words/sentences

Misarticulations/distorted speech sounds

Agrammatic/telegraphic speech

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4
Q

Transcortical motor aphasia

A

Lesions in anterior superior frontal lobe usually above or below Broca’s area

Good comp

Can repeat words/sents

Paraphasic, agrammatic/telegraphic

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5
Q

Mixed non fluent aphasia

A

Poor comp

Some spontaneous speech

Echolalia

Impaired fluency

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6
Q

Global aphasia

A

Lesions affecting all Lang areas

Little to no comp or expression

Most severe aphasia

Perseveration

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7
Q

Conduction aphasia

A

Very rare; lesions between Brocas and wernickes areas

Good comp, fluent

Many phonemic paraphasias

Word finding problems

Missing content words

Good syntax, prosody, and artic

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8
Q

Wernickes aphasia

A

Fluent, poor comp

Can’t repeat words/sents

Rapid rate with normal prosody and good artic

Severe word finding issues

Semantic and literal paraphasias

Circumlocutions

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9
Q

Transcortical sensory aphasia

A

Lesions in temporoparietal region

Poor comp, fluent

Normal phrase length, prosody, artic, grammar and syntax

Good repetition

Severe naming problems

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10
Q

Dysarthrias definition

A

Neuro based speech disorders c/b abnormal strength, speed, range, steadiness, tone, and movement accuracy in speech production

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11
Q

Causes of the dysarthrias

A

Nonprogressive neuro conditions (stroke, infections)

Degenerative neuro diseases (als, Parkinson’s)

Neurotraumatic causes

Infectious diseases (aids)

Toxic metabolic causes (botulism)

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12
Q

Lesion sites for dysarthrias

A

LMN

Unilateral or bilateral UMN

Cerebellum

Basal ganglia

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13
Q

Some body issues related to dysarthria

A

Muscle weakness

Spasticity

Incoordination

Rigidity

Movement disorders

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14
Q

Movement disorder symptoms

A

Reduced/variable range and speed of movement

Involuntary movements

Reduced strength of movement

Unsteady/inaccurate movement

Abnormal tone (increased, decreased, or variable)

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15
Q

Dysarthria types

A

Flaccid

Spastic

Ataxic

Hypokinetic

Unilateral upper motor neuron

Hyperkinetic

Mixed

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16
Q

Flaccid dysarthria

A

LMN damage

Weakness, fasciculations, reduced reflexes, reduced tone

Hypernasality, breathiness, nasal emission, short phrases, imprecise artic

17
Q

Spastic dysarthria

A

Bilateral UMN

Weakness, spasticity

Imprecise consonants, harshness, low pitch, slow rate, strained strangled quality, short phrases, pitch breaks

18
Q

Ataxic dysarthria

A

Cerebellum damage

Incoordination, reduced tone, jerkiness

Drunk speech, excess and equal stress, irregular artic breakdowns, distorted vowels, prolonged phonemes, excess loudness variations

19
Q

Hypokinetic dysarthria

A

Basal ganglia damage

Usually with Parkinson’s, rigidity, masked face

Monopitch, reduced stress, monoloudness, short rushes of speech, variable/increased rate, repeated phonemes, swallowing problems

20
Q

Hyperkinetic dysarthria

A

Basal ganglia damage

Involuntary movements

Strained strangled voice, chorea, loudness variation

21
Q

Unilateral upper motor neuron dysarthria

A

UUMN, frontal lobe (motor strip)

Hemiparesis, unilateral lingual weakness and central facial weakness

Imprecise artic, slow rate, slow/irregular alternating motion rates, harsh/hoarse, sometimes reduced loudness,

22
Q

2 common Mixed dysarthrias

A

Flaccid-spastic

Ataxic-spastic

23
Q

Flaccid-spastic dysarthria

A

Associated with ALS

Imprecise consonants

Hypernasality

Harshness, breathiness

Slow rate

Monopitch, monoloudness

Short phrases, prolonged intervals

24
Q

Ataxic-spastic dysarthria

A

Associated with MS

Impaired loudness control

Harshness, breathiness

Imprecise artic

Impaired emphasis

Hypernasality

Inappropriate pitch levels

Decreased vital capacity

Sudden artic breakdowns

25
Q

Cranial nerves for speech

A

V trigeminal (s/m)

VII facial (s/m)

IX glossopharyngeal (s/m)

X vagus (s/m)

XI spinal accessory (m)

XII hypoglossal (m)

26
Q

Trigeminal nerve

A

V

Motor to jaw, temple, soft palate, larynx, middle ear

27
Q

Facial nerve

A

VII

Motor to facial muscles, stapedius, larynx

Sensory: anterior 2/3 tongue

28
Q

Vagus nerve

A

X

Motor: smooth esophagus muscles, pharynx, larynx, soft palate, palatoglossal

Sensory: pharynx mucosa, inferior of epiglottis, trachea, bronchi, esophagus, pain input from pharynx and larynx

29
Q

Hypoglossal nerve

A

XII

All tongue movements

30
Q

Glossopharyngeal

A

IX

Motor: pharynx

Sensory: tongue and pharynx

31
Q

Spinal accessory

A

XI

motor: head, shoulders, throat

Praxis (4 decks)

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