Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical Haematology > WBCs > Flashcards

WBCs Flashcards

1
Q

Of the Polymorphonuclear WBC give some examples

A

Granulocytes
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Of the MONONUCLEAR WBC give some examples:

A

Lymphocytes

Monocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q 
What is the normal Neutrophil count? (10^9/L)
A.0.2-0.08
B.1.9-2.4
C.1.8-7.5
D. 6.8-10.1
A

c. 1.8-7.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What causes neutrophils to be elevated?

A

bacterial infections
Stress
Exercise
myeloproliferative diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the normal Lymphocyte count?

A

1.5-5.4 x10^9/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What causes an increased lymphocyte count?

A

Viral infection, lymphoproliferative diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the normal monocyte count? (x10^9/L)

A

0.2-0.8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What causes elevated levels of monocytes?

A

infection, inflammation, tissue damage, monocytic leukaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q 
What is the correct level of eosinophils?
A. 6.4-7.5
B. 0.4-0.8
C. 1.3-3.8
D. 0-0.4
A

D. 0-0.4 x10^9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What causes raised eosinophils?

A

allergy, intestinal parasites, hypereosinophillic syndrome, eosinophilic leukaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the normal level of basophils?

A

0.01-0.1 x10^9/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What causes elevated levels of basophils?

A

Some myeloproliferative diseases especially chronic granulocytic leukaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does myeloid mean?

A

Derived from the bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the cytokine origin of neutrophils?

A

IL-3
GM-CSF
G-CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the cytokine origins of Eosinophils?

A

IL-3
IL-5
GM-CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What re the cytokine origins of Basophils?

A

IL-3
IL-4
GM-CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

List the stages of neutrophil maturation

A 
Blast
Promyelocytes
Myelocytes
Metamelocytes
Band form neutrophils
Neutrophils
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the turnover of granulocytes?

A

50-320x10^9/Day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the lifespan of neutrophils?

A

~7hours in the blood

Destroyed by monocytes/macrophages

20
Q

In circulation eosinophils have a lifespan of _____ however in tissues they have a lifespan of _______

A

8-12 hours in circulation

8-12 days in tissues

21
Q

What is the lifespan of basophils?

A

hours to days

22
Q

What no neutrophil primary granules contain?

A

microcidal proteins for oxidative and non-oxidative killing

23
Q

What do secondary neutrophil granules contain?

A

Hydrolase’s
Chemotactic factors
opsonic
Adhesion proteins

24
Q

What do tertiary granules of neutrophils contain?

A

Alkaline phosphates and gelatinase

25
Q

What is the function of a neutrophil?

A

destruction of invading bacteria and some fungi:

1: location by chemotaxis
2: phagocytosis

26
Q

neutrophils crawl by ________ via ________

A

neutrophils crawl by amoeboid via pseudopodia

27
Q

Phagocytosis is accompanied by a respiratory burst in which there is:

A
  • increased O2 consumption
  • increase in glycolysis
  • uprating of bactericidal processes
  • increased expression of some constituents
28
Q

List the stages of phagocytosis

A
  1. Opsonisation with IgM and IgG Ab or complement
  2. Particle attachment via a receptor for the opsonin
  3. Pseudopodia enclose particle which is ingested
  4. Fusion of granules in phagosome
  5. Microbicidal killing within 20mins
29
Q

With regards to the defects of microbial killing, describe myeloperoxidase deficeincy

A 
fairly common
partial or total
only 20% of its are immunocompromised
oxygen free radicals and lysozyme compensate
fungal infections are biggest problem
30
Q

Explain respiratory burst failure with regards to defects of microbial killing

A

Chronic Granulomatous disease (CGD)
inherited metabolic failure of microbial killing affects 1 in 10^6
some organisms live in the phagosome >persistent infections
non-oxidase killing partially compensates

31
Q

Describe inherited defects in neutrophil adherence/migration (Defects of microbial killing)

A

Acquired

They’re rare

32
Q

What is the role of eosinophils?

A

Eliminate hellimnth infections, participate in immediate allergic reactions and are key mediators of inflammation via degranulation

33
Q

Where are eosinophils normally found?

A

in the thymus, lower GI tract, ovary, uterus spleen an lymph nodes

34
Q

Hypereosinophilic syndrome is what?

A

Eosinophil disorder, sustained, unexplained eosinophilia >1.5x10^9/L >6months

35
Q

Why are basophils hard to study?

A

die very easily and are highly motile

36
Q

Where do basophils mature?

A

in the marrow for 2-7 days, circulate for 2 weeks

37
Q

What IL factor do basophils require?

A

IL-3

38
Q

What is the function of Basophils?

A

Basophils and mast cells orchestrate the immunological & inflammatory reactions.

39
Q

What do basophils secrete?

A

Histamine and Heparin (anticoagulant)

40
Q

Upon basophil activation there are a release of numerous cytokines, explain what each one does

A
  • IL-3: major basil GF, amplifies immune response
  • TNF alpha and GM-CSF: Recruit and primes neutrophils
  • IL-5: activates eosinophils
  • IL-4: enhances cell adhesion molecule expression on endothelial cells, recruits eosinophils into tissues induces T helper cells to mediate IgE production by B cells
41
Q

What is a common disorder of basophils?

A

marked basophilia, common in chronic myeloid leukaemia

42
Q

Where can monocytes be found?

A

in the peripheral blood

43
Q

after 1-3 days monocytes move into tissue and develop into what?

A

macrophages

44
Q

What shape is a monocytes nucleus?

A

kidney shaped

45
Q

Describe the monocyte structure

A
  • kidney shaped nucleus
  • cytoplasm filled with fine reddish granules
  • cytoplasmic enzymes esp. lysozyme, peroxidase and esterases
  • cytoplasmic vacuoles are evidence of phagocytosis
  • amoboid motility, exhibit chemotaxis
  • accumulate at site of inflammation
46
Q

what is monocyte function?

A

produce a no. of different adhesions which facilitate adhesion to various surfaces
they are Ag presenting cells, variable class II MHC expression, induced by lymphokines such as IFN gamma
Can phagocytose opsonised and non-opsonised phagocytksed particles
can kill infected host cells
monocytes release many cytokines that stimulate other cells in the immune system including G-CSF & GM-CSF

47
Q

What is the lifespan of a monocyte?

A

several months

Clinical Haematology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions