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Clinical Haematology > Lymphocytes > Flashcards

Lymphocytes Flashcards

1
Q

what does poises mean?

A

maturation

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2
Q

what does cyte mean?

A

cell

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3
Q

what does cytosis mean?

A

high cell count

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4
Q

What does philia mean?

A

high count

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5
Q

what does penia mean?

A

low count

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6
Q

what does stasis mean?

A

equilibrium

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7
Q

what does anaemia mean?

A

condition of blood

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8
Q

What are the innate immune cells?

A 
macrophages
Granulocytes
  -neutrophils
  -eosinophils
  -basophils
  -mast cells
Dendritic cells
NK cells
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9
Q

What are the adaptive immune cells?

A

B cells

T cells

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10
Q

What are the key features of the innate immune response?

A

Fast
Non-specific
Generic

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11
Q

What are the key features of the adaptive immune response?

A

Time lag
Antigen specific
Highly specialised cells
Immunological memory

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12
Q

Describe a lymphocyte

A

large, relatively round uncles that fills the cytoplasm
1.3-3.5x10^9/L
life span of many years
divided into two types B and T cells

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13
Q

What is the function of lymphocytes?

A

protect from infection
T lymphocytes attack pathogen directly
B lymphocytes produce Ab

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14
Q

Lymphocytes are heterogenous

A

Different lineages of lymphocytes can be distinguished by the expression of different membrane molecules:
B cell = CD19
T helper = CD4
NK cell = CD8

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15
Q

B lymphocytes are part of the ADAPTIVE immunity, where are they produced?

A

Bone marrow

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16
Q

Where do B lymphocytes circulate?

A

Blood, Spleen and lymph nodes

17
Q

How do B lymphocytes mount an immune response?

A

by producing Ag specific Ab (neutralise toxins and kill via complement)

18
Q

What molecules are expressed on B cell surface?

A

CD19
Surface Ab
MHC-II molecules
CD40

19
Q

What does MHC stand for?

A

Major histocompatibility complex

20
Q

What process do B cells go through to eliminate self B cells?

A

CENTRAL TOLERANCE

21
Q

B cells are tested for self when?

A

before leaving the bone marrow, they are removed by apoptotic methods, 90% of B cells are eliminated

22
Q

What is the role of plasma cells?

A

production and secretion Ag specific Ab. Can secrete up to 2000Ab/cells/second for 1-2 Weeks

23
Q

What are some characteristic features of plasma cells?

A

Extensive RER & Golgi(secretory cell)

Plasma Cells have lower levels of membrane bound Ab

24
Q

What is opsonisation?

A

Ab coat the Ag and interact with special receptors on various cells, inc macrophages, neutrophils and basophils, allowing them to recognise and respond to Ag

25
Q

What is complement activation?

A

Ab cause lysis by compliment, also enhancing phagocytosis. Complement proteins form a membrane Attack complex (MAC) which lyse the cell membrane causing cell to leak to death

26
Q

What is the role of memory B cells?

A

Confer immunological memory, ensuring that secondary response to pathogen is rapid

27
Q

What are the characteristic of memory B cell?

A

like naive B cells, don’t have IgM or IgD on surface. Only B cell that have undergone class switch can become memory B cells (IgA, IgG and IgE)

28
Q

What is the thymus and what does it do?

A

site of T cell development and maturation. thymus has a cortex and a medulla. Thymocytes transverse through the cortex, through the cortex-medula border and into the medulla.

29
Q

What is a thymocyte?

A

immature T cell

30
Q

Where does positive selection occur?

A

Cortex

31
Q

where does negative selection of T cells occur?

A

Cortex-medulla border

32
Q

Where does differentiation of T cells occur?

A

Medulla

33
Q

True or false T-lymphocytes are involved with cell mediated immunity?

A

True

34
Q

What surface marker do T helper cells express?

A

CD4

35
Q

What surface marker do T cytotoxic cells express?

A

CD8

36
Q

Through which MHC complexes do CD4 and CD8 recognise pathogens?

A

CD4=MHC II (expressed on Ag presenting cell)

CD8=MHC I

37
Q

How do CD8 T cells kill pathogens?

A

Through apoptosis, and secreting IFN gamma to limit viral replication

38
Q

Cell mediated response uses?

A

T helper and T cytotoxic cells

39
Q

Humoral immunity uses

A

Plasma Ab secreting cells

Clinical Haematology (10 decks)

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