WBC Pathology I

Question 1

What are three general etiologies of neutropenia resulting from hypocellular marrow?

Answer 1

Suppression of stem cell - all cell lines affected

Suppression of granulocytic precursors

Inherited conditions - Kostmann syndrome

Question 2

What are the causes of of neutropenia resulting from a production problem (hypercellular marrow)?

Answer 2

B12/Folate deficiency

Copper deficiency

Myelodysplastic syndromes

Question 3

What are three general causes of neutropenia due to accelerated removal/destruction?

Answer 3

Immune mediated destruction

Splenomegaly

Increased peripheral utilization (infection)

Question 4

What are the clinical consequences of neturopenia?

Answer 4

Infections

Mucosal ulcers, site of infections shows numerous organisms with little host leukocytic response

Question 5

What are the causes of lymphocytosis?

Answer 5

Transient stress

Drugs

Acute viral illness

Question 6

What are the major causes of reactive eosinophilia?

Answer 6

Allergic response

Medication/Drug hypersensitivity

Parasitic/Fungal infection

Question 7

What are the major causes of neoplastic eosinophilia?

Answer 7

Non Hodgkin lymphoma

Hodgkin lymphoma

ALL

Carcinoma, Sarcoma

Question 8

What are the causes of reactive monocytosis?

Answer 8

Chronic infections

Inflammatory disorders

Sarcoidosis

Some malignancies

Question 9

What is the cause of follicular hyperplasia in lymphadenopathy?

Answer 9

B cell proliferation via humoral immune response

Occurs in germinal centers and mantle zones

Question 10

What is the cause of paracortical hyperplasia in lymphadenopathy?

Answer 10

Paracortical T cell expansion due to stimuli that stimulate the cellular immune response

Question 11

What are the etiologies of paracortical hyperplasia in lymph nodes?

Answer 11

Viral infections - EBV

Drugs - Dilantin

Dermatopathic lymphadenopathy

Question 12

What is sinus histiocytosis?

Answer 12

Nonspecific reaction prominent in nodes draining cancer

Numerous macrophages within sinuses

Thought to represent the host response to the malignant cells or their products

Question 13

What is acute nonspecific lymphadenitis?

Answer 13

Enlarged, red, tender, soft nodes

Follicular hyperplasia

Due to drainage of infections

Question 14

What is chronic nonspecific lymphadenitis?

Answer 14

Non-tender nodes

Due to chronic immunologic stimulation

Question 15

What translocation is characteristic of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia?

Answer 15

t(9;22) BCR/ABL1

Question 16

What translocation is characteristic of Acute Promyeloctyic Leukemia?

Answer 16

t(15;17) RARA, RUNX1, NPM1

Question 17

What translocation is characteristic of Mantle Cell lymphoma?

Answer 17

t(11;14)

Question 18

What translocation is characteristic of Burkitt lymphoma?

Answer 18

t(8;14)

Question 19

What translocation is characteristic of Follicular lymphoma?

Answer 19

t(14; 18)

Question 20

What two diseases are associated with increased risk of childhood acute leukemia?

Answer 20

Down Syndrome

Neurofibromatosis I

Question 21

What neoplasm is HTLV-1 associated with?

Answer 21

Adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma

Question 22

What neoplasm is HHV8 associated with?

Answer 22

Pleural Effusion lymphoma

Question 23

What neoplasms is EBV associated with?

Answer 23

Burkitt lymphoma

Hodgkin lymphoma

Immunodeficiency associated B cell lymphomas

Question 24

What is the difference between lymphoma and leukemia?

Answer 24

Leukemia - mostly blood and/or bone marrow involvement

Lymphoma - mostly solid organ/tissue involvement

Question 25

What are general clinical presentations of lymphoid neoplasms?

Answer 25

Destruction and disruption of both tissue architecture and tissue function - unexplained organomegaly and lymphadenopathy

Loss of immune function or tolerance

B-type symptoms - fever, weight loss, night sweats