WBC Pathology I Flashcards
What are three general etiologies of neutropenia resulting from hypocellular marrow?
Suppression of stem cell - all cell lines affected
Suppression of granulocytic precursors
Inherited conditions - Kostmann syndrome
What are the causes of of neutropenia resulting from a production problem (hypercellular marrow)?
B12/Folate deficiency
Copper deficiency
Myelodysplastic syndromes
What are three general causes of neutropenia due to accelerated removal/destruction?
Immune mediated destruction
Splenomegaly
Increased peripheral utilization (infection)
What are the clinical consequences of neturopenia?
Infections
Mucosal ulcers, site of infections shows numerous organisms with little host leukocytic response
What are the causes of lymphocytosis?
Transient stress
Drugs
Acute viral illness
What are the major causes of reactive eosinophilia?
Allergic response
Medication/Drug hypersensitivity
Parasitic/Fungal infection
What are the major causes of neoplastic eosinophilia?
Non Hodgkin lymphoma
Hodgkin lymphoma
ALL
Carcinoma, Sarcoma
What are the causes of reactive monocytosis?
Chronic infections
Inflammatory disorders
Sarcoidosis
Some malignancies
What is the cause of follicular hyperplasia in lymphadenopathy?
B cell proliferation via humoral immune response
Occurs in germinal centers and mantle zones
What is the cause of paracortical hyperplasia in lymphadenopathy?
Paracortical T cell expansion due to stimuli that stimulate the cellular immune response
What are the etiologies of paracortical hyperplasia in lymph nodes?
Viral infections - EBV
Drugs - Dilantin
Dermatopathic lymphadenopathy
What is sinus histiocytosis?
Nonspecific reaction prominent in nodes draining cancer
Numerous macrophages within sinuses
Thought to represent the host response to the malignant cells or their products
What is acute nonspecific lymphadenitis?
Enlarged, red, tender, soft nodes
Follicular hyperplasia
Due to drainage of infections
What is chronic nonspecific lymphadenitis?
Non-tender nodes
Due to chronic immunologic stimulation
What translocation is characteristic of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia?
t(9;22) BCR/ABL1
What translocation is characteristic of Acute Promyeloctyic Leukemia?
t(15;17) RARA, RUNX1, NPM1
What translocation is characteristic of Mantle Cell lymphoma?
t(11;14)
What translocation is characteristic of Burkitt lymphoma?
t(8;14)
What translocation is characteristic of Follicular lymphoma?
t(14; 18)
What two diseases are associated with increased risk of childhood acute leukemia?
Down Syndrome
Neurofibromatosis I
What neoplasm is HTLV-1 associated with?
Adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma
What neoplasm is HHV8 associated with?
Pleural Effusion lymphoma
What neoplasms is EBV associated with?
Burkitt lymphoma
Hodgkin lymphoma
Immunodeficiency associated B cell lymphomas
What is the difference between lymphoma and leukemia?
Leukemia - mostly blood and/or bone marrow involvement
Lymphoma - mostly solid organ/tissue involvement
What are general clinical presentations of lymphoid neoplasms?
Destruction and disruption of both tissue architecture and tissue function - unexplained organomegaly and lymphadenopathy
Loss of immune function or tolerance
B-type symptoms - fever, weight loss, night sweats
