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SBL > WBC Disorders > Flashcards

WBC Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Common markers for Myeloblasts

A

1) MPO

2) CD45+

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2
Q

Cell marker for NK Cells

A

1) CD56

2) CD16 (Fc receptor)

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3
Q

Immature Lymphoblast will stain positive for what cell marker?

A

TdT+ (DNA Polymerase)

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4
Q

Describe ANC

A

Amount of Neutrophils and Bands * WBC count

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5
Q

ANC <500 is sus. to

A

Opportunistic Infections

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6
Q

General Overall causes of Neutropenia

A

1) Decreased Production

2) Increased Destruction

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7
Q

Causes of Lymphopenia

A

1) Autoimmune
2) immunodeficiency
3) Radiation/Chemo
4) Increased Corticosteroids

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8
Q

Mechanisms of Leukocytosis

A

1) Increased marrow production
2) increased release from marrow stores
3) Decreased Margination
4) Decreased Extravasation

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9
Q

Causes of Increased marrow production leading to leukocytosis

A

1) Chronic Inflammation –> Growth Factor Dependent
2) Paraneoplastic: Hodgkin Lymphoma –> Growth Factor Dependent
3) Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (Growth Factor INDEPENDENT)

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10
Q

Cause of decrease margination leading to leukocytosis

A

Exercise and Catecholamines

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11
Q

Most common cause of cancer in children

A

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma

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12
Q

Characteristics of Presentation of ALL

A

1) Fever - Decreased Neutrophils
2) Bleeding - Thrombocytopenia
3) Fatigue - Anemia
4) Pain - Marrow Hypercellularity
5) Dry Tap

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13
Q

List the Acute Leukemias

A

1) Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma

2) Acute Myeloid Leukemia

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14
Q

General Morphology of cells in Acute Leukemias

A

Large Immature Cells with poked out nuclei

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15
Q

Pathogenesis of Acute Leukemias

A

1) Gene Mutation
- Self-renewed capacity
- Maturation arrest

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16
Q

What is t(12:21)

A

Acute B-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma

-Good prognosis

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17
Q

What determines a bad prognosis in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

A

1) Less than age 2
2) Adolescence/Adulthood
3) High WBC (>100K)

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18
Q

Hallmark Feature of Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma/Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia on a blood smear

A

1) Small mature lymphocytes w/ Smudge Cells

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19
Q

Pathogenesis of CLL

A

1) De Novo Mutations

- Can lead to Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma via Richter Transformation

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20
Q

What mutations cause CLL to transform into DLBCL also known as a Richter Transformation

A

1) MYC

2) TP53

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21
Q

When thinking about the diagnosis of CLL what would you use?
What would you be looking for with what restriction?

A

1) Flow Cytometry

2) CD5+, CD19, and KAPPA Restricted

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22
Q

Patient Presentation of Follicular B Cell lymphoma

A

1) Generalized Painless Lymphadenopathy

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23
Q

A Patient has been diagnosed with Follicular B Cell Lymphoma a year ago. They come back into clinic for a check up and you notice that their generalized lymph adenopathy under the chin has gotten larger in size but is still painless. You are nervous the cells have undergone what transformation.

A

Richter Transformation into Diffuse Large B cell lymphoma

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24
Q

Translocation for Follicular Lymphoma

A

t(14:18) = IgH/BCL-2

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25
Q

Presentation of Chronic Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma

A

1) Increased mature lymphocytes (increased WBC)
- CD5+ and CD20+
2) Generalized Lymphadenopathy

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26
Q

Complications associated with Chronic Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma

A

1) Hypogammaglobinemia

2) Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia

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27
Q

List the different links with Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma and list the lymphoma they cause

A

1) EBV: Immunodeficiency-related LCL

2) HHV-8: Primary Effusion Lymphoma

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28
Q

What somatic mutation presents in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma

A

BCL-6 –> overexpression

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29
Q

Diagnosis of Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma

A

1) Enlarging LN or Spleen

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30
Q

Translocation of Burkitt Lymphoma

A

t(8:14) IgH/MYC

31
Q

Types of Burkitt Lymphoma

A

1) African - Jaw (Children) - EBV
2) Sporadic - Mediastinal
3) HIV- related

32
Q

Size of the cells in Burkitt Lymphoma

A

1) Intermediate

33
Q

What is a helpful marker but not a definitive diagnosis for Burkitt Lymphoma

A

Ki-67 marker - associated w/ rapid cell proliferation

34
Q

Most common malignancy between 15-19 is…

A

Hodgkin Lymphoma

35
Q

Morphology of cells in Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma

A

1) Donut Cells or Horseshoe cells

36
Q

Pathogenesis of Marginal Cell Lymphoma

A

1) H. Pylori - Gastric MALToma
2) Hashimoto Thyroiditis - MZL of Thyroid
3) Chronic Sialadenitis - Salivary Gland MZL

37
Q

Hair Cell Leukemia is common in ____

A

Adult Males

38
Q

Presentation of Hair Cell Leukemia

A

1) Massive Splenomegaly

2) Dry Tap on Bone

39
Q

Why does Hairy Cell Leukemia present with Massive Splenomegaly

A

1) Accumulation of Hairy Cells in Red Pulp

2) Marrow Fibrosis

40
Q

Describe the morphology of the cells in Hairy Cell Leukemia

A

1) B Cells w/ Fried egg appearance

2) Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP)

41
Q

What is Hairy Cell Leukemia + for?

A

Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

42
Q

ALK tyrosine kinase constitutive active due to

A

Gene rearrangement

43
Q

Presentation of Adult T Cell Leukemia

A

1) Skin Involvement: Exfoliation and popular lesions/ necrotizing nodules
2) Lytic Bone Lesions and Hypercalcemia

44
Q

Morphology of Cells for Adult T Cell Leukemia

A

Cloverleaf Cells

45
Q

What Leukemia is associated with HTLV-1

A

Adult T Cell Leukemia

46
Q

Extranodal NK/T cell Lymphoma virus association

A

EBV

47
Q

Clinical Presentation for Multiple Myeloma

A

1) Hypercalcemia
2) Renal Failure/Dysfunction
3) Anemia
4) Bone Lesions/Back Pain

48
Q

What are Bence Jones Proteins

A

Protein in Urine via Light Chains in Multiple Myeloma

49
Q

SPEP for Multiple Myeloma will present with

A

Either IgG or IgA

50
Q

List the Classical Hodgkin Lymphomas

A

1) Nodular Sclerosis
2) Mixed Cellularity
3) Lymphocyte Rich
4) Lymphocyte Depleted

51
Q

Hallmark cell of Hodgkin Cell Lymphoma

A

Reed Sternberg

52
Q

Reed Sternberg Cells will stain positive for ….

A

1) CD15
2) CD30
3) Pax-5

53
Q

B Symptoms are associated with what cancer

A

Hodgkin Lymphoma

54
Q

What are the B Symptoms

A

1) Fever
2) Night Sweats
3) Unexplained Weight Loss

55
Q

How do you diagnose Hodgkin Lymphoma

A

Staining

56
Q

What type of cells are present in Nodular Lymphocyte Predominant Lymphoma

A

Popcorn Cells

57
Q

Cell markers in Nodular Lymphocyte Predominant Lymphoma that is not characteristic of other Hodgkin Lymphomas

A

ONLY CD20+

- NOT CD30 and CD15

58
Q

Patients with AML will present with …

A

Pancytopenia:

1) Fever
2) Fatigue
3) Bleeding/Bruising

59
Q

What is t(8:21)

A

Translocation that causes AML in young patients

-Good prognosis

60
Q

What is t(15:17)

A

Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

61
Q

___ will be present in cells in pts who have Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

A

1) t(15:17)

2) Auer Rods

62
Q

Fusion of what genes are present in AML that is caused by t(8:21)

A

RUNx1/Runx1T1

63
Q

Patients who have multiple myeloma are at risk for a Thromboembolic Disorders because ….

A

Hyperviscosity

64
Q

How do you treat Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia?

A

All Trans RA

65
Q

Myeloproliferative Neoplasms are associated with mutated ____

A

Kinases

66
Q

Describe the HCT of a pt that has CML

A

Increased Buffy Coat

67
Q

List the Clnical Manifestations of CML

A

Splenomegaly - extramedullary hematopoiesis

Marked Leukocytosis

68
Q

List the Myeloproliferative Neoplasms

A

1) Polycythemia Vera
2) Essential Thrombocythemia
3) Primary Myelofibrosis
4) CML

69
Q

_____ MPS presents with massive splenomegaly due to depletion of marrow elements. You treat with Ruxolitinib

A

Myelofibrosis

70
Q

What do you use to treat primary myelofibrosis

A

Ruxolitinib

71
Q

Polycythemia Vera, Essential Thrombocythemia, and Primary Myelofibrosis all have a mutated

A

JAK2 Kinase

72
Q

Chromosome Translocations of Philadelphia Chromosome

A

t(9:22); BCR-ABL

73
Q

List the Langerhan Cell Histiocytosis cell morphology

A

1) Grooved nuclei of Langerhans Cells
2) Berback Granules
3) Stains S100 and CD1

74
Q

List the Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

A

1) Multifocal Multisystem Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (Letterer-Siwe Disease)
2) Unisystem Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (Eosinophilic Granuloma)
3) Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

SBL (8 decks)

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