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HEMATOLOGY 1 > WBC > Flashcards

WBC Flashcards

1
Q

Predominant WBC in adults

A

Neutrophils

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2
Q

Predominant WBC in children <4 yrs old

A

Lymphocyte

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3
Q

On determining WBC maturity, MOST valuable and reliable criterion is

A

Nuclear chromatin pattern

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4
Q

Examples of granulocytes and polymorphonuclears

A

Basophil
Eosinophil
Neutrophil

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5
Q

Examples of agranulocyte and mononuclears

A

Lymphocytes
Monocytes

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6
Q

Examples of phagocytes

A

Basophilic
Eosinophil
Neutrophil
Monocytes

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7
Q

Example of immunocyte

A

Lymphocyte

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8
Q

As granulocytes mature, the overall size decreases (true or false )

A

True

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9
Q

Most recognizable granulocytic precursor using light microscope

A

Myeloblast

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10
Q

Type of myeloblast that shows the presence of dispersed primary granules in the cytoplasm

A

Type II myeloblast

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11
Q

The synthesis of primary granules begins in the

A

Type II myeloblast or PROMYELOCYTE (BEST))

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12
Q

Last stage capable of mitosis ; synthesis of secondary granules begins

A

Myelocyte

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13
Q

Patches of grainy pale pink cytoplasm representing secondary start to become obvious in the area of the Golgi apparatus

A

Dawn of neutrophilia

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14
Q

Synthesis of tertiary granules begins ; JUVENILE CELL ; first stage of nuclear indention ; PEANUT/KIDNEY bean shaped

A

Metamyelocyte

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15
Q

STAB CELL/STAFF CELL ; YOUNGEST GRANULOCYTIC PRECURSOS to normally appear ; SAUSAGE NUCLEUS - 1/2 of the nuclear width

A

BAND

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16
Q

Drugs associated with Extreme neutropenia

A

Amidopyrine and Cephalosphorin (<0.5x109/L)

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17
Q

Predominant type of lymphocyte (normal adult blood) ; composed of mostly nucleus , scanty cytoplasm

A

Small lymphocyte

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18
Q

Size of small lymphocyte

A

7-10 um

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19
Q

Size of medium lymphocyte

A

10-12 um

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20
Q

Size of large lymphocyte

A

11-25 um

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21
Q

Final maturation of stage of b-lymphocyte

A

Plasma cell

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22
Q

Nucleus is “TORTOISE SHELL” CARTWHEEL” or “CLOCK FACE” appearance

A

PLASMA CELL

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23
Q

Cytoplasm is dark blue, SEA BLUE, CORNFLOWER in color

A

Plasma cell

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24
Q

Cytoplasm of plasma cell may contain round, discrete globules called _______ that contain immunoglobulins

A

RUSSEL BODIES

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25
Q

Most common malignant disease of plasma cells

A

Plasma cell myeloma

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26
Q

Most abundant cells in the body

A

Macrophages

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27
Q

This is produced by macrophages that is cytotoxic against viruses, bacteria, fungi, Protozoa, helminths, and tumor cells

A

Nitric oxide

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28
Q

Released by the macrophages that stimulates T lymphocytes

A

Interleukin 1

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29
Q

Produced by macrophages that acts as the primary transport factor for vitamin b12

A

Transcobalamin II

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30
Q

Liver macrophage

A

Kupffer cells

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31
Q

Lungs macrophage

A

Alveolar macrophage / dust cells

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32
Q

Kidneys macrophage

A

Mesangial cells

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33
Q

Brain macrophage

A

Microglial cells

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34
Q

Skin macrophage

A

Langerhans cells

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35
Q

Spleen macrophage

A

Littoral cell

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36
Q

Synovial tissue macrophage

A

Type A cells

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37
Q

Bone macrophage

A

Osteoclast

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38
Q

Placenta macrophage

A

Hoffbauer cells

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39
Q

Lobes of neutrophil

A

3-5 lobes

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40
Q

Movement of neutrophil in normal condition

A

Zigzag manner

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41
Q

Neutrophils share a common progenitor with montocytes which is:

A

Granulocyte Monocyte Progenitor

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42
Q

Major stimulatory cytokines for neutrophil production

A

G-CSF

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43
Q

Half life of neutrophils in the blood is relatively short (approximately _____)

A

7 hours

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44
Q

Extracellular threadlike structures thought to represent chains of nucleosomes from unfolded nuclear

A

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs)

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45
Q

Order of formation of neutrophil granules

A

Primary > Secondary > Tertiary > Seecretory

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46
Q

Order of degranulation of neutrophil granules

A

Secretory > tertiary > secondary > Primary

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47
Q

Primary granules contents of Neutrophil

A

Myeloperoxidase
Acid B-glycerophosphatase
Lysozyme
Cathepsins
Defensins
Elastase
Proteinase-3

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48
Q

Secondary granules contents of Neutrophil

A

B2-microglobulin
Collagenase
Gelatin are
Lactoferrin
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin
Transcobalamin I
Lysozyme

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49
Q

Lysozyme that is anti microbial

A

Muramidase

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50
Q

Tertiary (gelatinase granules) contents of Neutrophil

A

Gelatinase
Collagenase
Lysozyme
Acetyltransferase
B2-microglobulin

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51
Q

Formed during the band and segmented neutrophil stages

A

Secretory granules

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52
Q

Secretory granules contents of Neutrophil

A

Cd11b/CD18
Vesicle-associated membrane-2
CD10, CD13, CD14, CD16
Cytochrome b558
Complement 1q receptor
Alkaline phosphates
Complement receptor-1

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53
Q

A CD that contributes to tight stationary binding between neutro and endothelial cells

A

CD11b/CD18

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54
Q

Only WBC that has ALP activity

A

NEUTROPHIL

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55
Q

Promotes terminal maturation, functional activation, and prevention of apoptosis of eosinophil

A

IL-5

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56
Q

Causes mast cell degranulation and cytokine production

A

Major Basic Protein

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57
Q

Survival time of eosinophil in human tissues

A

2-5 days

58
Q

Eosinophil Primary Granules contents

A

Charcot-Leyden Crystals

59
Q

Eosinophil secondary granules contents

A

Major basic protein
Eosinophil cationic protein (matrix)
Lysozyme
Catalase

60
Q

Eosinophil small lysosomal granule contents

A

Acid phosphatase
Catalase
Elastase

61
Q

Eosinophil lipid bodies contents

A

Cyclooxygenase
Eosinophil peroxidase
Esterase

62
Q

Carry proteins from secondary granules to be released into the extracellular medium

A

Secretory vesicles

63
Q

Basophil granules

A

Histamine
Interleukin-4
Interleukin-13
Chondroitin sulfates (heparin)

64
Q

A dye that can bind with acid mucopolysaccharides in blood cells to form metachromatic complexes

A

Toluidine blue

65
Q

Histochemically defined as a reaction product color that is considerably different from the color of the dye itself

A

Metachromasia

66
Q

Least common WBC in normal peripheral blood

A

Eosinophil

67
Q

Have IgE receptors on their surface membrane ; induces B cells to synthesize IgE ; involved in the control of helminth infections

A

Basophil

68
Q

Connective tissue cell that has large basophilic granules containing heparin, serotonin, bradykinin, and histamine

A

Mast cell

69
Q

Round horse-shoe shaped or lobulated m usually with some degree of folding or convulsions ; chromatin: lace-like or stringy

A

Monocytes

70
Q

Cytoplasm blue-gray contains fine indistinct granules called AZURE DUST (GROUND GLASS appearance) ; small pseudopods or bled may be observed

A

Monocytes

71
Q

This WBC is said to be rich in muramidase

A

Monocytes

72
Q

Cytoplasm isi sky blue or “Robin egg” blue

A

Lymphocytes

73
Q

Cells for adaptive immunity

A

T and B cells

74
Q

Cells for innate immunity

A

NK cells

75
Q

LYMPHOCYTE TYPE: Plasmacytoid lymphocyte, Turk’s irritation ; seen in German measles

A

TYPE 1

76
Q

LYMPHOCYTE TYPE: seen in Downey infection mononucleosis cell ; aka infectious mononucleosis ; “flared skirt” or “fried egg” appearance

A

Type II

77
Q

LYMPHOCYTE TYPE: nucleus finally reticulated nuclear chromatin pattern

A

Type III

78
Q

Most common counting chamber (hemacytometer/hemocytometer)

A

Levy chamber with improved neubauer ruling

79
Q

The 4 corner large squares of the Nuebauer counting chamber is used for

A

Manual WBC count

80
Q

The middle square square of the Nuebauer counting chamber is used for

A

Manual RBC count

81
Q

Markings of RBC Thomas Pipet

A

0.5, 1, 101

82
Q

Markings of WBC Thomas pipet

A

0.5, 1, 111

83
Q

color of the bead of RBC Thoma pipet

A

Red

84
Q

color of the bead of WBC pipet

A

White or colorless

85
Q

RBC Thoma pipet volume (bulb)

A

100

86
Q

WBC Thoma pipet volume (bulb)

A

10

87
Q

WBCs diluting fluids

A

1% ammonium oxalate
3% acetic acid
1% hydrochloric acid

88
Q

Diluting fluids for platelets

A

1% ammonium oxalate

89
Q

RBC diluting fluid

A

Isotonic saline

90
Q

Dilution and Area counted for WBC

A

1:20 (4 mm^2)
1:100 (9 mm^2)

91
Q

Allow the dilution to sit for _____ mins to ensure that the RBCs have lysed ; WBC counts should be performed within ___ hrs of dilution

A

10 mins ; 3 hours

92
Q

Charge both sides of the hemacytometer by holding the microhematocrit tube at ____ degree angle

A

45 degree

93
Q

After charging the hemocytometer, place it in a ______ for ____ mins before counting the cells to give them the time to settle

A

Moist chamber ; 10 mins

94
Q

WBCs read using what objective

A

Low power 10x

95
Q

For a 1:20 dilution, count all of the cells in the ______ squares

A

4 corner squares

96
Q

Cells touching the TOP and LEFT lines must be?

A

Counted

97
Q

Cells touching the bottom and right lines must be ??

A

Ignored

98
Q

WBC count formula

A

No. Of cells/ul = cells ctd x df / area (mm2) x depth (0.1)

99
Q

Percentage difference formula

A

V1-V2 / (V1 + V2 / 2) X 100

100
Q

This is performed if there are >5 NRBCs seen in 100 WBCs

A

Corrected WBC count

101
Q

CORRECTED WBC COUNT FORMULA

A

Uncorrected WBC ct x 100 / (100 + NRBCs)

102
Q

Routinely performed wbc diff count

A

100-cell differential

103
Q

WBC diff count that performed in instances when the EBC count is >40x10^9/L to increase accuracy fo results ; results are then divided by 2

A

200-cell differential

104
Q

200-cell differential may also be performed in cases when?

A

> 10% eosinophil, basophil
11% monocytes
More lymphocytes than neutrophils (except for children)

105
Q

WBC diff count that is performed in instances when the WBC count is >100 x 10^9/L to increase accuracy of results

A

300 or 400 - cell differential

106
Q

WBC differential that is performed in instances when the WBC count is <1.0 x 10^9/L ; performed using a buff coat smear ; results are multiplied by 2 to get a percentage

A

50-cell differential

107
Q

Gives the number of specific WBC type per 100 WBCs ; not as informative as the absolute count

A

Relative count

108
Q

Relative WBC ct formula

A

(# of specific WBC type per/100 WBCs counted) x 100

109
Q

Relative count Reference range for neutrophil

A

51% to 67%

110
Q

Relative count Reference range for lymphocyte

A

25% to 33%

111
Q

Relative count Reference range for monocyte

A

2% to 6%

112
Q

Relative count Reference range for basophil

A

0% to 1%

113
Q

Gives the number of specific WBC type per cubic millimeter of blood ; more informative than the relative count

A

Absolute count

114
Q

WBC Absolute count formula

A

Relative count (%) x WBC count = /mm^3 of blood

115
Q

Absolute count Reference range for neutrophil

A

1,600/uL to 7,260/uL

116
Q

Absolute count Reference range for lymphocyte

A

960/uL to 4,400/uL

117
Q

Absolute count Reference range for monocyte

A

180/uL to 880/uL

118
Q

Absolute count Reference range for eosinophil

A

45/uL to 440/uL

119
Q

Absolute count Reference range for basophil

A

45/uL to 110/uL

120
Q

What shift is it when there is an increase in the number of young forms (usually neutrophils)

A

Shift to the left

121
Q

What shift is it when there is an increase in the number of old forms (e.g. pernicious anemia)

A

Shift to the right ( OLD PEOPLE ARE ALWAYS RIGHT)

122
Q

A shift to the left in which there is an increase in the number of young forms with NORMAL or LOW WBC count (e.g. tuberculosis)

A

Degenerative shift to the left

123
Q

A shift to the left in which there is an increase in the number of young forms with HIGH WBC count (e.g. appendicitis)

A

Regenerative shift to the left

124
Q

A non specific reaction but provides important evidence of underlying disease or stress the hematopoietic compartment

A

Leukoerythroblastic reaction

125
Q

This is strongly associated with primary myelofibrosis

A

Leukoerythroblastic reaction

126
Q

Leukoerythroblastic reaction is present on a blood smear of

A

Immature of neutrophil
Nucleated rbc
Teardrop cell

127
Q

Observed in conditions involving the presence of space occupying lesion in the marrow (myelophthisis) such as metastatic tumor, fibrosis, lymphoma, leukemia

A

Striking and sustained Leukoerythroblastic reactions

128
Q

Observed in hemolytic anemia, severe infections, cardiac failure, uremia, megalosblastic anemia

A

Mild and transitory Leukoerythroblastic reactions

129
Q

Nuclear remnants of lymphocytes ; appearance similar to thumb print ; structureless chromatin

A

Smudge cell

130
Q

Nuclear remnants of granulocytic cells ; netlike chromatin pattern

A

Basket cells

131
Q

Granulocytic cells with pyknotic nuclei and an agranular cytoplasm

A

Necrotic cells

132
Q

Neutrophils that have engulfed foreign bodies like bacteria and fungi

A

Phagocytic cell

133
Q

Large cells which line the veins ; stretched and ovoid in appearance ; with single nucleus with dense chromatin and no nucleoli ; abundant cytoplasm which appears translucent ; found at the feathered edge

A

Endothelial cells

134
Q

NUDE nuclei that stain dark purple

A

Megakaryocyte fragments

135
Q

May be associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia ; may be found normally in few numbers

A

Smudge cells

136
Q

Found when prolonged exposure to EDTA ; chemotherapy (rarely)

A

Necrotic cells

137
Q

Considered a contaminant of venipunctrue ; must not be confused with clumps of malignant cells

A

Endothelial cells

138
Q

May be found in newborns ; may be found also in aberrant platelet production, myelofibrosis, essential thrombocythemia

A

Megakaryocyte fragments

139
Q

May be found in newborns ; may be found also in aberrant platelet production, myelofibrosis, essential thrombocythemia

A

Megakaryocyte fragments

140
Q

Resembles hand mirror ; seen in ALL, AML, IM

A

Hand mirror lymphocytes

141
Q

Benign ; mild symptoms ;

A

Myeloperoxidase deficiency

HEMATOLOGY 1 (8 decks)

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