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HEMATOLOGY 1 > VENIPUNCTURE & PBS > Flashcards

VENIPUNCTURE & PBS Flashcards

1
Q

Effects of prolonged torniquet

A

Hemoconcentration
Hemolysis
Slow coagulation

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2
Q

Condition in which venous flow is slowed

A

Stasis

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3
Q

Stasis results in the local accumulation of factor ______ and ______

A

Facto VIII and VWF

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4
Q

Distance of tourniquet

A

3-4 inches or 7.5 to 10 cm

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5
Q

Most common needle size for adult

A

21 gauge 1-1.5 inches

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6
Q

CBC is also called

A

Hemogram

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7
Q

Optimal anticoagulant concentration of EDTA

A

1.5 mg per ml of blood

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8
Q

Blood specimens for CBC must be analyzed within ____ hrs of collection (at room temp) and ___ hrs (if stored at 4C)

A

6 hours ; 24 hours

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9
Q

Blood smeares should be made within ____ hrs of collection

A

3 hours

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10
Q

Cause of excessive EDTA

A

Underfilled tube or short draw

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11
Q

Effects of excessive EDTA

A

Falsely low HCT
Falsely low ESR
Degenerative changes in WBCs
Falsely increase MCHC and plate count

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12
Q

Formation of a ring shaped molecular complex in which a metal ion is covalently bound

A

Chelation

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13
Q

A test being ordered automatically based on the results of prior tests or preset parameters

A

Reflex test

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14
Q

Any numerical value that depicts an entire population

A

Parameter

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15
Q

Tube for flow cytocentrifuge, plasma chem determination, osmotic fragility test, blood gas studies

A

Green top/heparin tube

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16
Q

Optimal heparin concentration is

A

15-20 u/ml of blood

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17
Q

Action of heparin to thrombin and factor Xa

A

It binds anti-thrombin (inhibits thrombin and factor Xa

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18
Q

A heparin formulation that cause the least interference in chemistry testing

A

Lithium heparin

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19
Q

Most widely used anticoagulant for plasma and whole blood chemistry tests

A

Lithium heparin

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20
Q

Heparin causes cellular clumping (especially of platelets) which leads to ________ (falsely elevated WBC count) and __________ (falsely decreased platelet count)

A

Pseudoleukocytosis ; thrombocytopenia

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21
Q

Critical ration between 3.2 sodium citrate and blood

A

1:9

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22
Q

Factors affecting coagulation test results (SHORTENED COAG RESULTS)

A

Hemolysis
Excessive agitation
Prolonged tourniquet application
Excessive needle manipulation
Platelet contamination

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23
Q

Factors affecting coagulation test results (PROLONGED COAG RESULTS)

A

Presence of clots
Increased anticoagulant concentration

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24
Q

Blood smears should be made within ___ hours after collection

A

3 hours

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25
Q

Disadvantages of EDTA blood smear

A

Plate satellitosis
EDTA induced platelet clumping

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26
Q

Effects of platelet satellitosis on platelets

A

Pseudothrombocytopenia

27
Q

Effects of EDTA platelet clumping

A

Pseudothrombocytopenia
Pseudoleukocytosis

28
Q

Correction for Pseudothrombocytopenia and leukocytosis

A

Recollect blood using 3.2% sodium citrate

29
Q

Correction factor for Pseudothrombocytopenia and Pseudoleukocytosis

A

Plt count (obtained from light blue top) x 1.1
WBC ct (obtained from light blue top) x 1.1

30
Q

Most frequently used blood film preparation

A

Two-gas’s slide method (Manual Wedge Technique)

31
Q

Angle between two slide

A

30-45 degrees

32
Q

Too high angle causes

A

Thicker smear

33
Q

Too low angle causes

A

Thinner smear

34
Q

Distance between the drop of blood from the label of the slide

A

1 cm

35
Q

Size of drop of blood

A

2-3 mm

36
Q

Too fast speed of the spreader

A

Too thick

37
Q

Increased Hematocrit is seen in the case of

A

Poplycythemia vera

38
Q

If hematocrit is high, the angle should be _____.

A

Lowered as low as 25 degrees

39
Q

Decreased hematocrit is seen in

A

Anemia

40
Q

In the case of anemia, the angle of the spreader should be ___

A

Raised

41
Q

Buffer used for blood film staining

A

0.05 M sodium phosphate (pH 6.4) or

Aged distilled water (placed in a glass bottle for at least 24 hours ; pH 6.8)

42
Q

pH for staining must be

A

6.4-6.8

43
Q

Defined as any stain which contains methylene blue (and/or its products of oxidation) and a halogenated fluorescein dye (commonly eosin B or eosin Y)

A

Romanowsky-type stain

44
Q

Basic stain, it colors the nucleus and some cytoplasmic structures ; a blue or purple color (Stained structures are described to be basophilic)

A

Methylene blue

45
Q

An acidic stain, it colors some cytoplasmic structures ; an orange red color

A

Eosin

46
Q

Wright stain, giemsa stain, may-grunwald stain are examples of

A

Romanowsky-based stain

47
Q

MIDA III, HEMA-TEK, COULTER LH, SYSMEX SP10 are examples of

A

Automated staining

48
Q

Macroscopic color of a well stained blood smear

A

Pink-purple

49
Q

Rbc color in a well stained blood smear

A

Orange to salmon-pink

50
Q

WBC nuclei color in a well stained blood smear

A

Purple to blue

51
Q

Neutrophil cytoplasm color in a well stained blood smear

A

Pink to tan (With violet to lilac gran)

52
Q

Eosinophil granules color in a well stained blood smear

A

Bright to orange

53
Q

Problems:

RBCS gray or blue
WBCs too dark
Eosinophil granules gray

Causes: ?

A

Stain/buffer is too basic (most common)
Inadequate rinsing
Heparinized blood was used

54
Q

Problems:

RBCs too pale or red
WBCs barely visible

A

Stain/buffer is too acidic (most common)
Under buffering
Over rinsing

55
Q

Objective used to detect “snowplow” effect

A

10x objective

56
Q

Objective used to locate rare abnormal WBCs

A

10x

57
Q

Detect fibrin strands

A

10x

58
Q

Recognize rouleaux formation or RBC agglutination

A

10x

59
Q

Average no. Of WBCs per HPF X ______ = estimated

What is the WBC multiplication factor for HPF (40X)

A

2000

60
Q

What is the WBC multiplication factor for OIO (50X)

A

3000

61
Q

Storage of blood smear slide:

A

At least 7 days before proper disposal

62
Q

Objective used for estimation and tabulation of the actual WBC differential

A

100X OIO

63
Q

Objective used for estimation and tabulation of the actual WBC differential

A

100X OIO

HEMATOLOGY 1 (8 decks)

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