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Physics > Waves (Chapter 12 and 13) > Flashcards

Waves (Chapter 12 and 13) Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two types of waves

A

Transverse and Longitudinal

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2
Q

What is a Transverse wave

A

A wave that oscillates perpendicular to the direction it is moving

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3
Q

What is a longitudinal wave

A

A wave that oscillates parallel to the direction of the wave

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4
Q

What is the equation for a period of a wave

A

Period = 1/frequency

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5
Q

What is a Electromagnetic wave

A

They are transverse waves that transfer energy from the source of the waves to an absorber

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6
Q

What speed do all electromagnetic waves travel at in a vacuum

A

The same velocity

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7
Q

What are the groups of electromagnetic waves

A 
Radio waves
Microwaves
Infra red
Visible
Ultraviolet
X-ray gamma ray
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8
Q

Which group of electromagnetic waves has the largest wavelength and lowest frequency

A

Radio waves

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9
Q

What can radio waves do in electrical circuits

A

When radio waves are absorbed they may create an alternating current with the same frequency as the radio wave itself, so radio waves can also induce oscillations in an electrical circuit.

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10
Q

what are the uses for radio waves

A

television and radio

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11
Q

what are the uses for microwaves

A

satellite communications, cooking food

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12
Q

what are the uses for infra red

A

electrical heaters, cooking food, infra-red cameras

Carrying signals from remote control handsets and inside optical fibres

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13
Q

what are the uses for visible

A

fibre optic communications

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14
Q

what are the uses for ultraviolet

A

energy efficient lamps, sun tanning

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15
Q

what are the uses for x rays

A

medical imaging and treatments.

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16
Q

what are the uses for gamma rays

A

medical imaging, killing cancerous cells

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17
Q

How can x-rays, gamma rays, ultraviolet affect the body

A

Ultra-violet waves can cause skin to age prematurely and increase the risk of skin cancer.
X-rays and gamma rays are ionising radiation that can cause mutation of genes and cancer.

18
Q

What is radiation dose measured in

A

Sieverts (Sv)

19
Q

What is radiation dose

A

It is a measure of the risk of harm resulting from an exposure of the body to the radiation

20
Q

What happens when a object has a constant temperature

A

The amount of infrared radiation it is absorbing is the same amount it is emitting

21
Q

What does the Earth’s temperature depend on

A

rates of absorption and emission of radiation, reflection of radiation into space.

22
Q

What happens in the ear

A

sound waves cause the ear drum and other parts to vibrate which causes the sensation of sound. The conversion of sound waves to vibrations of solids works over a limited frequency range. This restricts the limits of human hearing.

23
Q

What is the humans hearing range

A

20Hz to 20kHz

24
Q

What are ultrasound waves

A

Sound waves above the frequency of 20kHz

25
Q

What are the properties of ultrasound waves

A

Ultrasound waves are partially reflected when they meet a boundary between two different media
Non - ionising

26
Q

What are P-waves

A

P-waves are longitudinal, seismic waves and travel at different speeds through solids and liquids.

27
Q

What are S-waves

A

S-waves are transverse, seismic waves. S-waves cannot travel through a liquid.

28
Q

What do P and S waves do

A

P-waves and S-waves provide evidence for the structure and size of the earth’s core.

29
Q

What is echo sounding

A

It is using high frequency sound waves, is used to detect objects in deep water and measure water depth.

30
Q

What is the equation for wave speed

A

Frequency x wavelength

31
Q

What is amplitude

A

It is the maximum displacement of a point on the wave from it centre point

32
Q

What is wavelength

A

It is the distance from a point on a wave to the equivalent point on the next wave

33
Q

What is frequency

A

It is the number of waves passing a point every second

34
Q

How does loudness affect amplitude

A

The louder, the higher the amplitude

35
Q

How doe pitch affect frequency

A

The higher the pitch, the bigger the frequency

36
Q

What does white light contain

A

All the colours of the visible sectrum

37
Q

What does the wavelength of a wave affect

A

How far they can travel
How much they spread
How much information they can carry

38
Q

What are carrier waves

A

Waves that are used to carry information. They do this by varying their amplitude

39
Q

What does ionising radiation do

A

Makes uncharged atoms charged

40
Q

How is x-rays absorbed

A

bones absorb more x-rays than soft tissues

Physics (15 decks)

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