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Physics > Thermal Energy (Chapter P2) > Flashcards

Thermal Energy (Chapter P2) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a system?

A

A system is an object or group of objects

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2
Q

What are all the different stores

A 
Thermal store
Elastic store
Kinetic store
Gravitational store
Nuclear store
Chemical store
Electrostatic store
Magnetic store
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3
Q

What is the thermal store

A

Energy due to an object’s temperature. Thermal stores increase when the object gets hotter and decrease when it gets colder

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4
Q

What is the Elastic store

A

Energy due to an object having a greater/shorter length than its natural length. Elastic stores increase if the object is stretched or squashed from its natural shape and decrease if it returns to its natural shape.

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5
Q

What is the Kinetic store

A

Energy due to an object’s mass and speed. Kinetic stores increase if an object’s speed increases and decrease if an object is slowed down.

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6
Q

What is the Gravitational store

A

Energy due to an object’s height above the Earth’s surface. Gravitational stores increase if an object is lifted up and decrease if it falls down.

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7
Q

What is the Chemical store

A

Energy due to atoms combining in a chemical reaction.

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8
Q

What is the Electrostatic store

A

This is energy stored when similar charged objects are pushed together and when opposite charged objects are pulled apart.

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9
Q

What is the Nuclear store

A

This is energy associated with the nucleus of an atom. This changes if changes happen in the nucleus e.g. in a fusion reaction

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10
Q

What is the Magnectic store

A

This is the energy stored when like poles of a magnet are pushed closer together and unlike poles are pulled further apart.

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11
Q

What are the energy transfers

A 
Forces doing work 
A flow of an electrical current
Heating
Light
Radiation
Sound waves
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12
Q

What is internal energy?

A

Internal energy is the total kinetic and potential energy of all the particles (atoms and molecules) that make up a system. The molecules’ kinetic store is related to how fast they are moving, and the molecules’ potential store is related to how far apart they are (their bonds).

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13
Q

What is the equation for change in energy

A

= mass x specific heating capacity x change in temp

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14
Q

What is specific heat capacity

A

The specific heat capacity of a substance is the energy (in J) needed to increase the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 degree (or Kelvin can be used too)

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15
Q

What is accurate data?

A

Accurate data is data which is close to the true value

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16
Q

What is precise data?

A

Precise data is data in which repeated measurements show very little spread about the mean value.

17
Q

What is reproducible data?

A

If another person can get the same result with the same, or different method/equipment, then the data is reproducible

18
Q

What is repeatable data?

A

If the same person can get the same result with the same equipment and method then the data is repeatable.

19
Q

What is random uncertainty?

A

Random uncertainty causes measurements to be spread around a mean value. The effect of random uncertainty can be reduced by repeating and averaging data.

20
Q

What is systematic uncertainty?

A

Systematic uncertainty occurs when measurement is always too high or too low for each repeat. Usually because of an error in the equipment e.g a badly calibrated thermometer.

21
Q

What is a zero error?

A

This is a type of systematic uncertainty which occurs when a measuring instrument reads a value when it should say zero. E.g. a mass balance which doesn’t say zero when there is nothing on it.

22
Q

What factors affect the rate of cooling of a building?

A

The thickness of the building’s walls and the thermal conductivity of its insulation affect the rate of cooling.

23
Q

What is specific latent heat

A

The specific latent heat of a substance is the amount of energy (in J) required to change the state of 1 kg of the substance with no change in temperature.

The specific latent heat of fusion is the amount of energy required to change the state of 1 kg of a substance from solid to liquid with no change of temperature.

The specific latent heat of vaporisation is the amount of energy required to change the state of 1 kg of a substance from liquid to gas with no change of temperature.

24
Q

What is the equation for energy and latent heat

A

energy = mass x latent heat

25
Q

What is thermal conductivity

A

How good a material is at transferring energy by conduction

26
Q

What does a material with a high thermal conductivity mean

A

It is a good conductor and can transfer energy very quickly by conduction

27
Q

What does the rate of energy transfer depend on in an insulating material

A

The temperature difference across the material
The thickness of the material
The thermal conductivity of the material

28
Q

Where does most infrared radiation come from

A

The Sun

29
Q

What is the wavelength of infrared waves

A

longer than visible light

30
Q

What happens to the infrared levels when an object gets hotter

A

More infrared radiation is emitted

31
Q

What is black body radiation

A

It is radiation emitted by a body that absorbs all the radiation going towards it

32
Q

what happens if an object absorbs more infrared radiation than it emits

A

The temperature of it increases

33
Q

What factors does the earth’s temperature depend on

A

Absorption of infrared radiation from the Sun

The emission of radiation from the earth’s surface and atmosphere

34
Q

What is the equation for specific heat capacity

A

c = Energy transferred / mass x temp change

35
Q

What is the unit for specific heat capacity

A

J/kg degrees

36
Q

How does mass effect the rate at which an objects temperature increases

A

the greater the mass of an object, the slower its temperature increases

37
Q

What can reduce the energy transfer in a house

A 
Loft insulation
Cavity wall insulation
Double-glazed windows
aluminium foil behind radiators
external walls with lower thermal conductivity
38
Q

what is cavity wall insulation

A

It is insulation material used to fill the gaps between 2 brick layers of an external wall

Physics (15 decks)

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