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physics > waves > Flashcards

waves Flashcards

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AP® Physics flashcards Physics 101 flashcards
1
Q

What do waves do?

A

Transfer energy without transferring matter.

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2
Q

Longitudinal waves

A

Waves in which the vibrations are parallel to the direction of energy transfer

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3
Q

Transverse waves

A

Waves in which the vibrations are perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer.

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4
Q

Electromagnetic waves can travel through what

A

Can travel through a vacuum, no medium is needed

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5
Q

Examples of electromagnetic waves

A

light, radio, micro

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6
Q

Example of longitudinal waves

A

Sound

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7
Q

Amplitude

A

Height of the wave crest.

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8
Q

The bigger the amplitude of the waves…

A

…. the more energy the waves carry.

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9
Q

Examples of Transverse waves

A

light, radio, micro

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10
Q

Wavelength

A

The distance from one wavelength to the next

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11
Q

Frequency

A

The number of wave crests passing a fixed point every second

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12
Q

Electromagnetic Spectrum

A 
Smallest - Largest:
Gamma
X-ray
Ultraviolet
Visible
Infrared
Micro
Radio
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13
Q

Reflection

A

Law of reflection the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection
The speed of the wavelength depends on the material it travels along

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14
Q

Refraction

A

The wave changes speed when going into the glass
When a wave reaches a boundary and goes into a different medium it’s speed changes
If the speed of a wave becomes smaller then the distance between wavefronts becomes shorter
Therefore the wave changes directions bends it retracts

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15
Q

Desperation of light

A

Light entering a prism is refracted
Different colours, wavelengths will refract at different angles
Red colour bends less than blue or violet
Richard of your gave battle in vain

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16
Q

Totally internally reflected

A

When light from a medium with a bigger optical density it hits the boundary at an angle bigger than the crtial angle then it is totally internally reflected 


17
Q

Dopple effect

A

s the change in frequency due to a wavefront moving closer
A wavefront becomes closer so the wavelength decreases.
Since the wave speed is at a constants the frequency higher
The sound has a high pitch
Wavelength increases
Frequency decreases

18
Q

The hotter an object is…

A

… The more infrared radiation it emits.

19
Q

How does infrared radiation affect the body?

A

It can damage or kill skin cells by heating them up.

20
Q

Optical fibres

A

The glass fibre used to send light signals along.

Uses infrared radiation.

21
Q

4 uses of infrared radiation

A

Optical fibres
remote control handsets
infrared scanners
infrared handsets

22
Q

The shorter the length of radio waves:

A

The more information they can carry.
The shorter their range.
The less they spread out.

23
Q

What are microwaves used for?

A

Satellite phones
TV links
Satellite TV
produced by microwaves to cook food

24
Q

What are radio waves

A

TV broadcasting

25
Q

What do electromagnetic waves carry

A

Information

26
Q

What effect/harm does UV radiation have?

A

It is harmful to human eyes and can cause blindness.

27
Q

What produces gamma rays?

A

Radioactive substances when unstable nuclei release energy.

28
Q

Can sound waves travel through a vacuum?

A

no

29
Q

Loud and High Pitched

A

high and close together

30
Q

Loud and Low Pitched

A

high and spaced out

31
Q

Increasing the loudness of a sound…

A

.. Increases its amplitude.

32
Q

Increasing the frequency of a sound…

A

…Increases its pitch.

33
Q

Positives of ultrasound

A

Non-ionising

Produces images of organ tissues as well as bones

34
Q

What is the use of UV radiation?

A

produced by tanning bed lights to tan skin

used to detect conterfeit money

used to clean water

35
Q

Give three properties (features) common to all EM waves

A

They all…

travel at the speed of light

all transverse waves

all transfer energy and information without transferring matter

all travel through a vacuum

36
Q

List the EM spectrum in order of decreasing frequency

A

Gamma - gardens

X-ray - expensive

UV - unusual

Visible - very

IR - in

Microwave - mate

Radio - rabbits

37
Q

What is the relationship between wavelength and frequency of a wave?

A

As frenqucy increases the wavelength decreases

They are inversely proportional

38
Q

What is the use of X-rays?

A

Used to detect breaks in bones

used to detect crystal structure in salts

physics (19 decks)

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