Waves Flashcards
What is wavelength
The distance between the same point in two adjacent waves
What is frequency
The number of waves passing a certain point per second
What is amplitude
The maximum displacement of a point on the wave from its rest position
What is period
The time taken for one complete cycle of a wave to be completed
What are mechanical waves
Waves that travel through a medium by vibrating particles
Types of mechanical waves
Sound waves (through air)
Water waves (through water surface)
Seismic waves (through earth)
What are electromagnetic waves
Oscillating electric and magnetic fields that do not need a medium to travel through
Types of electromagnetic waves
Radio waves
Microwaves
Infra-red
Light
Ultra-violet
X-ray
Gamma
What is a wave
An oscillation (vibration) that transfers energy without transferring any matter
Transverse waves
When the oscillations are at a right angle to the direction the wave is travelling
Types of transverse wave
Waves on a string/rope
Water waves
S-wave seismic waves
Electromagnetic waves
What are longitudinal waves
When the oscillations are parallel to the direction the wave is travelling, compression waves
Types of longitudinal waves
Sound waves
P-wave seismic waves
Formula for wavelength
V = f x (lamda)
V- speed (m/s)
F- frequency (Hz)
(Lamda)- wavelength (m)
Formula for frequency
T = 1/f
T - time period (s)
F - frequency (Hz)
What is the speed of sound through air
330 m/s
Why can’t sound travel through vacuums
There are no particles to carry the vibrations
What state does sound travel fastest through
Solid
What frequency’s can human ears detect
20Hz to 20,000Hz
Sound waves are collected by the…in the ear
…Ear lobe (pinna)…
Waves travel along the…in te ear
…ear canal…
Waves make the…vibrate in the ear
…ear drum…
The…amplify the sound wave vibrations in the ear
…small bones (ossicles)…
The…turns the sound wave vibrations into electrical signals
…cochlea…
The…takes sound signals to the brain
…auditory nerve…
What are gamma rays used for
Cancer treatment
Where are gamma rays sourced
Radioactive ☢️ decay
What are risks of gamma radiation
Ionisation
Damages tissues and DNA
What are X-rays used for
Medical scans
Where are X-rays sourced
Radon gas
What are the risks of X-rays
Cancer
What are ultraviolet rays used for
Forensics
Sterilisation
Where are ultraviolet rays sourced
The sun ☀️
What are the risks of ultraviolet rays
Cancer
What are light rays used for
Seeing/vision
Where are light rays sourced from
The sun ☀️
What are the risks of light rays
Worsened sleep habits
What are the uses of infrared rays
Metal working
Remote controls
Where are infrared rays sourced
Solar radiation
What are the risks of infrared rays
Burns 🥵
What are microwave rays used for
Heating food
Where are microwave rays sourced
Cosmic background radiation ☢️
What are the risks of microwave rays
Exploding metal
Burns 🥵
What are radio waves used for
Sound transmission
Where are radio waves sourced from
Lightning ⚡️
What are the risks of radio waves
Burns 🥵
What types of radiation are ionising
Gamma
X-rays
What radiation has the highest frequency and shortest wavelength
Gamma 💚
What radiation has the lowest frequency and longest wavelength
Radio waves
… increases as the wavelength shortens
Energy
Order of radiation from low to high frequency
Radio waves
Microwaves
Infrared radiation
Visible light
Ultraviolet
X-rays
Gamma rays
What can X-rays transmit through
Soft tissue
What reflects X-rays
Bones 🦴
(Denser than soft tissue)
What does CT scan stand for
Computerised Tomography scan
How do X-rays lead to cancer
They are ionising so mutate cells
What precautions are used in X-rays
Lead protectors are under to protect vital organs
What is gamma knife surgery
Focuses gamma rays in many different directions and angles concentrated over the brain tumour
Matte black surfaces absorb and emit the most …
Infrared radiation ☢️
Shiny silver surfaces reflect…
Infrared radiation ☢️
…cube showing infrared radiation
Leslie
