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Physics GCSE > Radioactivity > Flashcards

Radioactivity Flashcards

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1
Q

Solid sphere atomic model

A

John dalton
1803
Different atoms for each element

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2
Q

Plum pudding model

A

J.J. Thompson
1904
Discovered electrons

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3
Q

Nuclear model

A

Ernest Rutherford
1911
Gold leaf experiment
Discovered nucleus
Discovered empty space in atoms

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4
Q

Planetary model

A

Niels Bohr
1913
Orbiting electrons

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5
Q

Quantum Model

A

Erwin Schrodinger
1926
Electrons move in waves
Best model of the atom

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6
Q

Radioactive decay is…

A

…a random unpredictable process, when an unstable atom decays. Atoms with the wrong number of neutrons can fall apart,they regain stability by emitting alpha or beta particles.

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7
Q

Alpha particles

A

4 a
2
Helium nucleus
2+ charge

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8
Q

Beta particles

A

0 b
-1
High velocity/energy electron
-1 charge

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9
Q

Gamma rays

A

0 y
0
High frequency em wave
No charge or mass

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10
Q

When a neutron decays it becomes a…

A

…proton and electron (beta)

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11
Q

Alpha particles can penetrate…

A

… nothing, stops at paper

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12
Q

Beta particles can penetrate…

A

…paper, stopped at aluminium

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13
Q

Gamma rays can penetrate…

A

…paper and aluminium, stopped at lead

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14
Q

Neutrons can penetrate…

A

…paper and aluminium and lead, stopped at concrete

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15
Q

What is the largest source of background radiation?

A

Radon gas (50%)

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16
Q

What is the second largest source of background radiation?

A

Rocks and building materials (15%)

17
Q

What is the third largest source of background radiation?

A

Medical - ex-rays (13%)

18
Q

What is the fourth largest source of background radiation?

A

Food (11%)

19
Q

What is the fifth largest source of background radiation?

A

Cosmic rays (10%)

20
Q

Half life

A

The time taken for half of the unstable nuclei in a sample to decay, or for the activity of the sample to half, or for the count rate to half

21
Q

Count rate

A

Number of decays recorded each second by a detector, such as a Geiger-muller tube. Measured in Becquerel (Bq)

22
Q

If a half life is 2 days, how many would 4 half life’s be?

A

8

Physics GCSE (7 decks)

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