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Physics Paper 2 > Waves > Flashcards

Waves Flashcards

1
Q

what is traverse wave and draw

A

oscillations are up + down but direction of energy transfer is sideways

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2
Q

example of tranverse wave and transfers

A

ripples on water surface transfers kinetic energy

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3
Q

what wave is tranverse wave

A

water wave

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4
Q

exmaple of tranverse wave on slinky

A

slinky tranverse wave represent ripple on water surface by the dot. It oscialltes up and down but not travel through air

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5
Q

what is longitudinal wave and draw

A

osicillations are parallel to the direction of energy transfer

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6
Q

example of longitudinal wave and transfers

A

sound waves travelling through air, transfers sound energy

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7
Q

what direction does longitduinal wave go

A

forward and back

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8
Q

what happens to air particles in longitudinal wave

A

vibrates, move side to side

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9
Q

what does longituidna wave show area of….

A

compression and rarefaction

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10
Q

example of longituidnla wave on slinky

A

slinkly represent sound wave travel, red dot is air particles. It oscillates side to side.

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11
Q

what is amplitude

A

the maximum displacement of a point on a wave away from its undisturbed point.
Loudness

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12
Q

what is wavelength

A

the distance from a point on one wave to equilivant point on the adjacent wave.

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13
Q

what is frequency

A

number of waves passing a point each second.
Pitchness
1hz=1wave

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14
Q

what is wave speed, unit

A

the speed at which the wave moves through the medium
V,m/s

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15
Q

a method to meausre the speed of sound wave in air
+ Problem and reduce

A

2 ppl seperated 50cm, A hold pair of cymbals, B hold timer.
1. B start timer when see A clash the cymbals
2. B stop timer when hear the sound clashing.
-every person differnt reaction time- reduce by more ppl hold timer and discord anamouls
-time between see clash and sound short- reduce by increase distancr

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16
Q

when can waves be aborbsed, transmitted and reflected

A

at boundary between 2 different materilas

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17
Q

what is refraction and reflected

A

waves changes direction when they pass from 1 materila to another.
wave may be reflected off the surface at the material.

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18
Q

what is absorbed and transmitted

A

energy of wave abosrbed by material-no wave passes when happens.
wave sent out from source/pass through mateirl

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19
Q

ray diagram reflection of wave surface of mirror

A

incident ray = arrow shwo direction of ray
angle of incidence - measure angle betwen incident ray and normal
angle of reflection=angle of incidence

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20
Q

what is EM wave

A

electromagnetic waves are traverse wave that transfer energy of the source of the waves to an absorber.

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21
Q

example of EM wave

A

microwave oven, transfer energy from the source of oven, to the absorber the food.

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22
Q

what does EM wave form, and all type travel at

A

continuous spectrum, same velocity through air/vacuum.

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23
Q

who can detect the EM wave

A

human eyes only detect visible light - so detect liminated range of EM Wave

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24
Q

what is the range of EM wave

A

range is 10-15, to 10-4 metres

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25
Q

how does EM wave go from wavelength and frequency, and uses

A

long wave+low freq
RADIO WAVE - television,radio
MICROWAVE - cook food, satellite com
INFRARED- cook food, electric heater, tv remote control, camera
VISIBLE LIGHT-fibre optic comm
ULTRAVIOLET-energy efficient lamp, suntan
X-RAY-medical imaginary, treatment
GAMMA RAY- sterlise food, medical image+treatment
short wave+high freq

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26
Q

example of X-RAY on treatment and how

A

treat cancer skills by killing cancer cells

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27
Q

how does X-RAY work on entering human body

A

soft tissue transmit x-ray and bone absorbs

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28
Q

what is ultrasound

A

sound wave of frequencey above human range

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29
Q

what is human hearing range

A

20-2000HZ

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30
Q

ultrasound uses

A

-pre-natal scan
-destuction of kidney
-repair damage tissue cells
-remove plaque from teeth

31
Q

what are hazardous effect on ultraviolet on human body tissue

A

-skin to age prematurely
-cancer

32
Q

what are hazardous effect on x-ray and gamma ray

A

ionsing radiation causes the mutations of genes+cancer

33
Q

what is ionising radiation

A

knock electrons off atoms when absorbed.

34
Q

what does the effect depend on

A

size of dose and type of radiation

35
Q

what are lens

A

form an image by refracting light

36
Q

what is focal length

A

the distance from the lens to the principle focus

37
Q

what are convex lens

A

parallel rays of light are brought to focus at the principle focus

38
Q

what is the surface curved and thick at on convex lens

A

surface curved outwards
thicker centre than edge

39
Q

what image does convex lens produce

A

real or virtual

40
Q

what is real image and virtual

A

real - rays meet at a point and project shown on screen
virtual - rays do not meet only appear, so can’t see on screen

41
Q

what does parallel ray light do through convex lens

A

passess through

42
Q

draw convex ray diagram - both of it

A
43
Q

what is concave lens

A

parallel rays of light enter lens and spread out

44
Q

what is the surface curved and thick at on concave lens

A

surface curved inwards
thicker at edge than centre

45
Q

what image does concave lens produce

A

virtual

46
Q

what happens to lens at concave lens
and principle focus

A

diverge
lens does not focus the light at principle fous

47
Q

what does parallel ray light do through concave lens

A

hits it

48
Q

draw concave lens ray diagram - both of it

A
49
Q

visible light spectrum order

A

long wave+low freq
-RED, ORANGE, YELLOW, GREEN, BLUE, INDIGO, VIOLET
short wave+high fre

50
Q

what is specular reflection
what is boundary, is there image and reflection

A

reflection from a smooth surface in single direction
boundary is flat, produce image, see reflection on mirror

51
Q

what is diffuse reflection, what is boundary, is there image and reflection

A

reflection from a rough surface causes scattering
boundary s bumpy, no image, cant see reflection

52
Q

what is opaque

A

object cannot see through at all

53
Q

colour of opaque object is determined by

A

which wavelenth of light are more strongly reflected or absorbed

54
Q

object that transmit light are either

A

transparent or translucent

55
Q

what is transparent
translucent

A

transp- can easily see through object (wine glass)
transl- scatter ray light so cant see through clearly

56
Q

why is matt black surface good

A

it is best absorber and emitter of infrared radiation

57
Q

what emits and absorbs infrared radiaton

A

all bodies (objects) no matter what temperature

58
Q

the hotter the body…

A

more infrared radiatiton it radiates in given time

59
Q

what is perfect black body

A

is an object that absorbs all the radiation incident on it

60
Q

what is perfect black body best for…

A

possible emitter

61
Q

object warmer/hotter than surroudning…
EXAMPLE

A

emit more radiation
-all black surface hotter than water
-cup of hot coffee

62
Q

object cooler than surroudning…
EXAMPLE

A

absorbs more radiation
-dull black surface cooler than water
-burger on barque

63
Q

object constant tempt then…

A

absorbs and emits radiation same time

64
Q

what does wavelentgh and radition depend on

A

temperature of object

65
Q

what is intensity

A

power of radiation

66
Q

what is radiation

A

energy that move from one place to another

67
Q

what is hazard to exposure infrared rediation

A

skin burns

68
Q

diagram of glass block ray

A
  • object
    -incident ray
  • normal – to shwo direction chance, velocity decrease as light pass from air into glass
    -wave slow down
    -reflected ray – velocity increase as wave pass glass and back into air
69
Q

what happend when in glass block,
wave speed down -
wave spped up -

A

bend toward normal
bend away from the normal

70
Q

what is primary colour filter
what colur is it

A

only allow one of three colour to be transmitted
-red, green, blue

71
Q

what is non-primary
what colour + what goes through

A

let through both wavelemtgh of light that same colour as filter
-indigo = blue and red yellow=red and green

72
Q

convert concave ray diagram

A

-virtual, upright, smaller than image

73
Q

convex ray diagram

A

-real, inverted(upside down), smaller than image

74
Q

which particular colour and object appear depends on…
what does it determine aswell

A
  • wavelentgh of light hitting it
    -properties of that particualr object
    determine if object absorbed,reflected and transmitted

Physics Paper 2 (5 decks)

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