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Physics Paper 2 > Waves > Flashcards

Waves Flashcards

1
Q

what is traverse wave and draw

A

oscillations are up + down but direction of energy transfer is sideways

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2
Q

example of tranverse wave and transfers

A

ripples on water surface transfers kinetic energy

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3
Q

what wave is tranverse wave

A

water wave

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4
Q

exmaple of tranverse wave on slinky

A

slinky tranverse wave represent ripple on water surface by the dot. It oscialltes up and down but not travel through air

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5
Q

what is longitudinal wave and draw

A

osicillations are parallel to the direction of energy transfer

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6
Q

example of longitudinal wave and transfers

A

sound waves travelling through air, transfers sound energy

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7
Q

what direction does longitduinal wave go

A

forward and back

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8
Q

what happens to air particles in longitudinal wave

A

vibrates, move side to side

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9
Q

what does longituidna wave show area of….

A

compression and rarefaction

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10
Q

example of longituidnla wave on slinky

A

slinkly represent sound wave travel, red dot is air particles. It oscillates side to side.

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11
Q

what is amplitude

A

the maximum displacement of a point on a wave away from its undisturbed point.
Loudness

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12
Q

what is wavelength

A

the distance from a point on one wave to equilivant point on the adjacent wave.

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13
Q

what is frequency

A

number of waves passing a point each second.
Pitchness
1hz=1wave

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14
Q

what is wave speed, unit

A

the speed at which the wave moves through the medium
V,m/s

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15
Q

a method to meausre the speed of sound wave in air
+ Problem and reduce

A

2 ppl seperated 50cm, A hold pair of cymbals, B hold timer.
1. B start timer when see A clash the cymbals
2. B stop timer when hear the sound clashing.
-every person differnt reaction time- reduce by more ppl hold timer and discord anamouls
-time between see clash and sound short- reduce by increase distancr

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16
Q

when can waves be aborbsed, transmitted and reflected

A

at boundary between 2 different materilas

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17
Q

what is refraction and reflected

A

waves changes direction when they pass from 1 materila to another.
wave may be reflected off the surface at the material.

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18
Q

what is absorbed and transmitted at boundary between 2 different materials

A

energy of wave abosrbed by material-no wave passes when happens.
wave sent out from source/pass through mateirl

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19
Q

ray diagram reflection of wave surface of mirror

A

incident ray = arrow shwo direction of ray
angle of incidence - measure angle betwen incident ray and normal
angle of reflection=angle of incidence

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20
Q

what is EM wave

A

electromagnetic waves are traverse wave that transfer energy of the source of the waves to an absorber.

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21
Q

example of EM wave

A

microwave oven, transfer energy from the source of oven, to the absorber the food.

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22
Q

what does EM wave form, and all type travel at

A

continuous spectrum, same velocity through air/vacuum.

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23
Q

who can detect the EM wave

A

human eyes only detect visible light - so detect liminated range of EM Wave

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24
Q

what is the range of EM wave

A

range is 10-15, to 10-4 metres

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25
how does EM wave go from wavelength and frequency, and uses
long wave+low freq RADIO WAVE - television,radio MICROWAVE - cook food, satellite com INFRARED- cook food, electric heater, tv remote control, camera VISIBLE LIGHT-fibre optic comm ULTRAVIOLET-energy efficient lamp, suntan X-RAY-medical imaginary, treatment GAMMA RAY- sterlise food, medical image+treatment short wave+high freq
26
example of X-RAY on treatment and how
treat cancer skills by killing cancer cells
27
how does X-RAY work on entering human body
soft tissue transmit x-ray and bone absorbs
28
what is ultrasound
sound wave of frequencey above human range
29
what is human hearing range
20-2000HZ
30
ultrasound uses
-pre-natal scan -destuction of kidney -repair damage tissue cells -remove plaque from teeth
31
what are hazardous effect on ultraviolet on human body tissue
-skin to age prematurely -cancer
32
what are hazardous effect on x-ray and gamma ray
ionsing radiation causes the mutations of genes+cancer
33
what is ionising radiation
knock electrons off atoms when absorbed.
34
what does the effect depend on
size of dose and type of radiation
35
what are lens
form an image by refracting light
36
what is focal length
the distance from the lens to the principle focus
37
what are convex lens
parallel rays of light are brought to focus at the principle focus
38
what is the surface curved and thick at on convex lens
surface curved outwards thicker centre than edge (wider in middle than edge - exam ! )
39
what image does convex lens produce
real or virtual
40
what is real image and virtual
real - rays meet at a point and project shown on screen virtual - rays do not meet only appear, so can't see on screen
41
what does parallel ray light do through convex lens
passess through
42
draw convex ray diagram - both of it
43
what is concave lens
parallel rays of light enter lens and spread out
44
what is the surface curved and thick at on concave lens
surface curved inwards thicker at edge than centre ( wider in edge than middle exam !)
45
what image does concave lens produce
virtual
46
what happens to lens at concave lens and principle focus
diverge lens does not focus the light at principle fous
47
what does parallel ray light do through concave lens
hits it
48
draw concave lens ray diagram - both of it
49
visible light spectrum order
long wave+low freq -RED, ORANGE, YELLOW, GREEN, BLUE, INDIGO, VIOLET short wave+high fre
50
what is specular reflection , is there image and reflection
reflection from a smooth surface in single direction boundary is flat, produce image, see reflection on mirror
51
what is diffuse reflection, what is boundary, is there image and reflection
reflection from a rough surface causes scattering boundary s bumpy, no image, cant see reflection
52
what is opaque
object cannot see through at all
53
colour of opaque object is determined by
which wavelenth of light are more strongly reflected,and absorb others
54
object that transmit light are either
transparent or translucent
55
what is transparent translucent
transp- can easily see through object (wine glass) transl- scatter ray light so cant see through clearly
56
why is matt black surface good
it is best absorber and emitter of infrared radiation
57
what emits and absorbs infrared radiaton
all bodies (objects) no matter what temperature
58
the hotter the body...
more infrared radiatiton it radiates in given time
59
what is perfect black body
is an object that absorbs all the radiation incident on it
60
what is perfect black body best for...
possible emitter
61
object warmer/hotter than surroudning... EXAMPLE
emit more radiation -all black surface hotter than water -cup of hot coffee
62
object cooler than surroudning... EXAMPLE
absorbs more radiation -dull black surface cooler than water -burger on barque
63
object constant tempt then...
absorbs and emits radiation same time
64
what does wavelentgh and radition depend on
temperature of object
65
what is intensity
power of radiation
66
what is radiation
energy that move from one place to another
67
what is hazard to exposure infrared rediation
skin burns
68
diagram of glass block ray
- object -incident ray - normal -- to shwo direction chance, velocity decrease as light pass from air into glass -wave slow down -reflected ray -- velocity increase as wave pass glass and back into air
69
what happend when in glass block, wave speed down - wave spped up -
bend toward normal bend away from the normal
70
what is primary colour filter what colur is it
only allow one of three colour to be transmitted -red, green, blue
71
what is non-primary what colour + what goes through
let through both wavelemtgh of light that same colour as filter -indigo = blue and red yellow=red and green
72
convert concave ray diagram
-virtual, upright, smaller than image
73
convex ray diagram
-real, inverted(upside down), smaller than image
74
which particular colour and object appear depends on... what does it determine aswell
- wavelentgh of light hitting it -properties of that particualr object determine if object absorbed,reflected and transmitted
75
colour filter - what happens : absorb = reflected = transmitted=
object black wavelength of light reflect off surface passes through material
76
what happens if blue paper look through green filter
object appear black
77
example of absorb colour filter
red cap through blue light, cap appear black as cap absorb all the blue light
78
white light through colour filter what happens
transmit wavelentgh of light and absorb others.
79
what happens if colour is same - white shirt appear white in white light
it is reflecting all wavelength
80
what happens if grass green appears green
reflect green wavelength of light and other wavelength of light absorb.

Physics Paper 2 (5 decks)

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