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Physics Paper 2 > Forces > Flashcards

Forces Flashcards

1
Q

what are scalar quantities

A

have magnitude ( size) only

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2
Q

example of scalar quantities

A

mass, speed, energy, distance, time, tempt

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3
Q

what is vector quantities

A

have magnitude and direction

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4
Q

exmaples of vector quantities

A

displacement, weight, velocity, force, acceleration, momenutum

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5
Q

how to represent vector quantiity by arrow

A
  • length of arrow - magnitude
  • direction of arrow - direcetion
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6
Q

what is a force

A

push or pull that acts on an object due to the interaction with another object

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7
Q

what are 2 types of forces and meaning

A

contact force = objects are physically touching
non-contact force= objects are physically seperated

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8
Q

examples of contact force

A

tension - in a rope of tug of war game, tension on rope pulling the person
friction - force always opposes the motion, areoplane land in sea, frcition act betwen plane and water to cause the plan slow down and stop.
air resistance - force act opposite direction when object move through air - sky diver from air, air particles collide with parachute causing act upwards cos of air reistance force.
-upthrust

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9
Q

exmaples of non-contact force

A

-gravitational force - attracts all objects to another object - grav force attract international space station to earth and opposite way
- electrostatic force - force between 2 charged object attract, object opposite charge experience electrostatic force of attraction.
-magnetic force - force experince by certain object in magentic field

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10
Q

what is weight and unit

A

the force acting on object due to gravity, newton W

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11
Q

what to use for measuring weight

A

newtonmeter

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12
Q

what is gravity

A

force of attraction on all objects

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13
Q

what is gravitational fiedl strength

A

measure of the force of gravity

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14
Q

weight of object is…

A

directly proportional to mass of object

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15
Q

what does weight of object depend on

A

the gravitional field strgth at point where object is

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16
Q

what is centre of mass

A

weight of object act on single point

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17
Q

what is resultant force

A

single force that has same effect as all forces acting together / combined

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18
Q

how to calculate resultant forces

A

larger force-smaller

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19
Q

convert newton-metres to joule

A

1newton metres=1 joule

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20
Q

when is work done on object by force

A

when a force causes object to move through a distance

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21
Q

what is elastically deformed

A

object can return orginial shape when force cause it to change shape are removed

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22
Q

why do you need to apply more than 1 force in elastically deformed

A

the force is unbalance so the object will move than change length/shape

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23
Q

elastic materials examples

A

slinky, rubber band and glove, eraser

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24
Q

what happens when squeeze force

A

material compresses

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25
what is inelastically deformed + why
object cant return orginally, because limit of proportionally been exceeded
26
what does limit of proportionally mean
point where extension of object is direct proportional to force. (point is beyond the spring no longer holding material)
27
what is the moment of force
the turning effect of a force
28
examples of turning effect of force
see-saw, a crane, hammer use to remove a nail
29
example of turning effect force in rotation
spanner use to loosen a nut(screw), the turn effect of force from end of spanner is centre around the pivot(centre of nut)
30
what is a pivot
centre of object
31
how should you calculate the moment
distance must be in perpendicular from line of action to pivot (90 degree)
32
exmaple of balance moment of pivot
see-saw person both ends, seesaw balance about the pivot in cnetre. each person apply moment due to weight.
33
what is lever
rigid bar set on pivot, sued to transfer force to load. force multipers
34
exmaple of lever use
hammer use to removve nail, crowbar use to lift a plank of wood
35
what is gear
transmit tun effect of force, lots of machine and cars
36
what can lever and gear system do
can both be used to transmit the rotatioanl effect of force
37
what is fluid
either liquid or gas
38
what happens when particles move around in fluid
collide object surface/container
39
what is atmosphere
thin layer of air around the earth
40
when does atmospher get dense
less dense with increase altiude
41
what is altitude
vertical height of object
42
how to create atmospheric pressure
air molecules colliding with surface
43
what happens when number of air molecules above a surface
decreases as height of surface above ground level increase
44
what is distance
how far an object moves
45
what is displacement
the measure of distance that object moves in straight line from start point to end, and direction of straight line
46
what does the speed which person can walk, run etc depend on
age, fitness, distance travel, terrain
47
speed of walk, run, cycle, car, train, areoplane, sound air
1.5m/s, 3, 6, 13, 50, 250,330
48
what is acceleration
of an object tells us the change in its velocity over a given time
49
what does the gradient tells us about acceleration
horizontal line - constant upward slope- accelertaing downward slope- decelerating
50
what is a velocity
speed of an object in directio
51
what is newton 1t law
resultant force acting on object is zero then, object stationary = remain staitionary (not moving over time) object moving= continue to move at same speed and direction, same velocity
52
in newton1st law, when do velocity change
velocity of object only change i resulatn force acting on object
53
exmaple of newton law 1
statinoary object(book on table, person standing), no force acts on bceause no resulatnt force. Object 50N left and right, fore is balance means resualtn forceis zero, and velocity same.
54
what is newton 2nd law and sign
acceleration of object is proportional to the resultant force acting on object and inversely proportional to mass of object
55
what happens to resultant force act on object onnewton 22ndlaw
if greater force = greater acceleration
56
what happens to inversely proportional to mass of object newton2newton2law
is mass large = accerlation smaller
57
what is newton 3rd law
whenever 2object interact, the force they exert on each other are equal and opposite.
58
what is equilibrum and equilibrum situation
condition system of state motion, speed, time change all force act on object is balanced.
59
example of newton 3rd law
book kept on table, man in canoe, paddle push on water same time the water push back on paddle = equal magnitude and oppoisye direcetion
60
what is thinking distance
distanc vehicle travels during the driver's reaction time
61
what is braking distance
distance travels under braking force
62
what reaction time
time tkaen for driver to spot obstruction and make decison
63
how to calculate stop dist
think dist + brake = stop
64
what affects drivers reaction time
-tiredness -drugs alchol -distraction phone
65
typical value of reaction time
0.2-0.9m/s
66
what can affect brake distance of vehicle and why
weather conditions - wet/icy road poor condition of vehicle - worns tyres+brakes these reduce friction of tyre and road, and increase brake dist
67
the greater the speed of a vehcile...
the greater braking force
68
the greater braking force...
greater the deceleration of vehicle
69
what can large deceleration lead to
brakes overheat and loss of control
70
what is conservation of momentum
in closed system, total momentum before an event is equal to the total momentum after the event.
71
when does change in momentum occur
when force act on object that is moving/able to move
72
why is rapid changes of momentum danger
lead huge forces away
73
how to reduce momentum danger
airbag, seatbelt, crashmat, bike helmet - safety device to slow down and reduce force act
74
terminal velocity steps and after parachute opens
1. when jump out of plane, force of gravity on weight pull them down toward earth. 2. resultant force same size and direction cos only weight force happened 3. Person start to fall, air resistance occurs in upward force, it will be opposite direction of weight and resultant force. Air resistance comes cos person collides between air particles causing the person to slow down. 4. so resultant forc3e low and aie resistance 5. Faster goes the velocity increase and air resistance cos collide with particles more. Resultant force decreases 6. Velocity soon get high and particles collide increase will then air resistance and weight same size so 0 resultant force reaching terminal velcoity. 7. OPEN PARACHUTE , surface area of parachute increase so does air resistance, so resultant force act upward and decelerate downwards - causes to slwo down 8. further slows down, air resistance lower and resultant force smaller . The air resistance and weight same size and equals. this is resultant force 0 and reaches terminal velocity.
75
Gears example with gears in car - turn effect
Gear A - connect engine Gear B - connect wheels. The gear B transmite 2x larger Gear A and turning effect will be 2x bigger. So engine turn effect has been doubled pass to the wheels
76
spring constant high= spring constant low=
stiffer, harder to stretch less stiffer and firm , easier to strech
77
object moving in constant speed must have same force why
force must be balanced

Physics Paper 2 (5 decks)

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