Waves

Question 1

Transverse wave?

Answer 1

Perpendicular to the direction of travel and energy transfer of the wave

Question 2

Longitudinal wave?

Answer 2

A wave with oscillations that are parallel to the direction of energy transfer

Question 3

What is compression?

Answer 3

Where particles moast concentrated within a wave

Question 4

What is rarefraction?

Answer 4

Regions where particles are less concentrated in a wave

Question 5

Frequency?

Answer 5

The number of oscillations (complete waves) in 1 second.

(hertz, Hz)

Question 6

What is the volume and pitch of a soundwave?

Answer 6

Volume is amplitude
Pitch is Frequency

Question 7

What is the range of ultrasound and infrared waves?

Answer 7

Ultrasound is 20KHz+
Infrared is 20Hz-

Question 8

Why are soundwaves faster in solids than in gases

Answer 8

Particles are closer together therefore they will collide more frequently than in a gas causing the wave to travel quickly

Question 9

Why can’t soundwaves be transferred in space?

Answer 9

Space is a vaccum without particles

Question 10

What is an echo?

Answer 10

Reflection of a soundwave

Question 11

How can an echo be used to detect how far an object is?

Answer 11

Sound is made
Reflected sound is detected by reciever
Time taken for echo to get to reciever and speed of sound is used the calculate distance
Sonar distance = ½×speed×time

Question 12

How are sonars used to detect depth of water under boat?

Answer 12

Ultrasound is emitted from boat and time taken for echo to be received is measured and used with speed to calculate distance

Question 13

How is an ultrasound used?

Answer 13

Produce images or organs.
Sends out pulses of ultrasound and they reflect from different boundaries in the pathway of the pulse. Probe slowly moved to produce image.

Question 14

Advantage to ultrasound?

Answer 14

No radiation so baby is not harmed as not ionising

Question 15

What are rod and cone cells functions?

Answer 15

Rod cells are responsible for detecting movement in low light vision
Cone cells are active at bright light levels and are responsible for colour vision

Question 16

Uses & safety precautions for radio waves?

Answer 16

Satellite transmissions
Broadcasting
Heat so penetrating ppl interal parts

Question 17

Uses and safety precautions for microwaves?

Answer 17

Cooking
Communication
Penetrating heat ppl internal parts

Question 18

Uses and precautions for infrared?

Answer 18

Remotes
Thermal imaging
Can burn skin so fire fighters wear reflective silver suit

Question 19

Uses and precautions for visible light?

Answer 19

Vision
Photography
High levels can cause permanent or temporary blindness

Question 20

Uses and precautions for UV?

Answer 20

Security tags
Sun tanning
Skin cancer/age skin so use sun cream

Question 21

Uses and precautions for X rays?

Answer 21

Images of internal body parts
Security scans
Cancer over long period due to constant absorption
Ionising

Question 22

Uses and precautions for gamma rays?

Answer 22

Sterling food and medical instruments
Radiotherapy
Cancer due to mutation
Ionising so badges manage your exposure

Question 23

Similarities of X rays and gamma rays?

Answer 23

Both short wavelength
Very penetrating
Stopped by thick plate of lead

Question 24

Differences of gamma rays and X rays?

Answer 24

Gamma rays are more penetrating

Question 25

What do ground waves do?

Answer 25

They are long wavelength radio waves that follow the curvature of the earth. Used in submarine communication

Question 26

What are AM waves

Answer 26

They are short waves that reflect in the ionosphere (fluctuating amplitude). Used in aviation communications

Question 27

What are FM waves?

Answer 27

They are space waves that rely on the line of sight to be recieved. This means placed on hills for effective transmission. Used for FM radio

Question 28

What is optical fiber?uses?

Answer 28

Light transmission (reflected within) through glass. Transparent so little energy is lost and can bend. Infrared radiation

Question 29

Vitual image?

Answer 29

An image that is formed when light rays appear to come from a focus point that they dont pass through

Question 30

What is diffuse scattering?

Answer 30

Reflection from a rough surface

Question 31

What happens is a ray hits a medium at 90⁰?

Answer 31

It will face no change in direction and go along the normal line but will have a change in speed

Question 32

What happens at a medium with low to high optical density?

Answer 32

Angle of incidence is bigger than angof refraction

Question 33

What happens at a medium with high to low optical density?

Answer 33

Angle of incidence is less than the angle of refraction

Question 34

What is a red filter?

Answer 34

Absorbs all colour except red that is transmitted

Question 35

What are the primary and secondary colours?

Answer 35

Primary - red blue green
Secondary - yellow cyan magenta

Question 36

What is specular reflection?

Answer 36

reflection from a smooth, flat surface in a single direction

Question 37

What does a red, white and black object do?

Answer 37

Reflect only red light
Reflect all light
Absorb all light

Question 38

What is a black body?

Answer 38

Valerie 🤣
A perfect black body is an object which absorbs all the radiation that reaches it therefore good emitter of radiation