Space Paper 2

Question 1

What does our solar system contain?

Answer 1

planets, dwarf planets, moons, comets, asteroids and a star

Question 2

What is the order of our planets?

Answer 2

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus Neptune

Question 3

What is the formation of a protostar?

Answer 3

A cloud of dust and gas called a nebula is pulled together by the force of gravity

Question 4

What is the formation of a main sequence star?

Answer 4

Protostar increases in temperature until nuclear fusion can occur where an outward pressure caused by fusion is now in balance with inward force of gravity

Question 5

What happens in nuclear fusion of main sequence stars?

Answer 5

hydrogen nuclei fuse together to make helium nuclei

Question 6

What happens in nuclear fusion of larger stars?

Answer 6

Later stages fuse heavier elements such as helium into carbon

Question 7

How do stars become red giants?

Answer 7

The fusion in a main sequence star slows down as the hydrogen starts to run out
The star expands and cools to become a red giant

Question 8

How do red giants become white dwarfs?

Answer 8

The hydrogen and helium eventually run out and nuclear fusion stops
As a result, the red giant collapses under gravity
This turns a red giant into a white dwarf
A white dwarf will eventually cool down and release less heat and light untill it stops entirely becoming a black dwarf

Question 9

Sequence of small star?

Answer 9

Protostar
Main sequence star
Red giant
White dwarf
Black dwarf

Question 10

How do larger stars turn into red super giants?

Answer 10

When a larger star starts to run out of hydrogen, it expands to form a red super giant

Question 11

How do super red giant turn into super novas?

Answer 11

Red super giants undergo more nuclear reactions until they explode in a supernova

Question 12

What is a supernova?

Answer 12

Supernovas produce all the naturally occurring elements heavier than iron

Question 13

What are the two alternative paths after a supernova?

Answer 13

A supernova leaves behind a dense core called a neutron star
However, very large stars collapse into a tiny dense area
The gravitational field is so strong in this area that it even stops light from escaping
This is a black hole

Question 14

Sequence of large star?

Answer 14

Protostar
Main sequence star
Super red giant
Supernova
Neutron star/blackhole

Question 15

What is a satellite?

Answer 15

Objects that orbit larger objects

Question 16

What is the centripetal force?

Answer 16

The resultant force needed for a circular orbit (resultant force = accelerating satellite as velocity changes)

Question 17

Why does smaller orbits move faster than those with bigger orbits?

Answer 17

The closer the satellite is to the planet, the stronger the force of gravity between them
The stronger the force, the greater the acceleration
The greater the acceleration, the greater the change in velocity, so the object moves faster

Question 18

if the ______ of its orbit changes, the _____ of a satellite must also change to maintain a stable orbit

Answer 18

Radius, speed

Question 19

What is the dopplee effect?

Answer 19

Changes in pitches relative to distance

Question 20

Doppler effect in light?

Answer 20

White star travels towards you appears blue so ‘blue-shifted’
White star travels away from you appears red so ‘red-shifted’

Question 21

What does red-shift conclude?

Answer 21

That galaxies are moving away from are own galaxy expanding our universe

Question 22

the _______ away the galaxy, the ______ the increase in wavelength

Answer 22

Further, bigger

Question 23

Big bang theory?

Answer 23

Began with colossal explosion in single point
13.8 billion yrs ago

Question 24

Steady state theory?

Answer 24

Universe has no beginning or end and always existed
Its expanding but density stays the same as nee matter is created

Question 25

Evidence for big bang theory?

Answer 25

Cosmic microwave background radiation as remained from the explosion and fills the whole universe (explanded too)
Red shifted galaxies

Question 26

What is dark matter?

Answer 26

Mass that cannot be observed
As galaxies contain more mass than their known mass account for as rotating faster than expected