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Physics > Waves > Flashcards

Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

wavefront

A

A line of points in phase with each other in a wave, perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer

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2
Q

Radio

A

-1 to 6m

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3
Q

Infrared

A

-3 to 7x-7

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4
Q

Visible

A

7x-7 to 4x-7m

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5
Q

Ultraviolet

A

4x-7 to -8m

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6
Q

X-rays

A

-8 to -10m

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7
Q

Gamma

A

-10 to -16m

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8
Q

Wave Speed

A

the distance travelled by a wave per unit time

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9
Q

Frequency

A

the number of complete wavelengths passing a given point per unit time

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10
Q

Period

A

the time taken for a full oscillation of one wavelength to pass a given point

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11
Q

Wavelength

A

the minimum distance between two adjacent points on a wave oscillating in phase

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12
Q

Amplitude

A

the maximum displacement from the origin

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13
Q

displacement

A

the distance from the equilibrium position in a particular direction

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14
Q

phase difference

A

difference in displacement between two particles on a wave/different waves

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15
Q

micro

A

-1 to -3m

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16
Q

Principle of Superposition

A

when two waves meet at a point, the resultant displacement of the wave at that point is equal to the sum of their individual displacements.

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17
Q

Node

A

A point on a standing wave that always has no displacement from the rest position

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18
Q

Antinode

A

A point of maximum displacement midway between two nodes in a standing wave

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19
Q

Polarised light

A

Transverse wave in plane normal to the direction of energy propagation. Oscillations in one direction are confined to a single plane.

20
Q

wave

A

the transfer or storing of energy through a medium by oscillations of the particles in that medium

21
Q

Total Internal Reflection

A

the complete reflection that takes place within a substance when the angle of incidence of light striking the surface boundary is more than the critical angle

22
Q

Speed of light in water

A

2.25 x 10^8 m/s

23
Q

Refractive Index Glass

A

1.5

24
Q

Refractive Index Water

A

1.3

25
Q

Polaroids

A

transparent polymers. long chain molecules that absorb molecules

26
Q

Polarisation

A

Oscillations of a transverse wave are limited to only one plane

27
Q

Refraction

A

A wave changes direction as it changes speed, when it enters a new medium. partial reflection occurs.

28
Q

Reflection

A

A wave changes direction at a boundary between two media, remaining in the original medium.

29
Q

Diffraction

A

The spreading out of a wave front as it passes through a gap or around an obstacle.

30
Q

Intensity

A

The radiant power passing at right angles through a surface per unit area

31
Q

Similarity between progressive/standing waves

A

Both have frequency/wavelength/period

32
Q

2 differences between standing and progressive

A

Adjacent particles have same max. amplitude on progressive, different amplitudes on standing. Progressive waves transport energy from source to absorber, standing waves store energy.

33
Q

Electron circles

A

Diameter of circle is proportional to wavelength of electron

34
Q

Intensity definition

A

the rate of flow of energy per unit area at right angles to direction of travel of wave.

35
Q

What are the 6 different wave phenomena?

A

Reflection, refraction, polarisation, diffraction, superposition, interference

36
Q

How would you change wave speed in a wave tank?

A

Change depth of water.

37
Q

How do sunglasses reduce glare?

A

reflected light from surface is partially plane polarised
polarising sheet is placed at right angles to reflected light plane

38
Q

What does ‘in phase’ mean?

A

Two points are in phase if they are at the same point in a wave cycle.

39
Q

Coherence definition

A

Two waves are coherent if they have the same wavelength, frequency and fixed phase difference

40
Q

What is the path difference?

A

The length of one wave’s path minus the length of the other wave’s path.

41
Q

What is the path difference for constructive interference?

A

nλ

42
Q

What is the path difference for constructive interference?

A

nλ

43
Q

Interference definition

A

When two or more waves superpose and there is an overall change in displacement.

44
Q

Why do we use more slits?

A

Maxima get brighter and narrower, minima get dimmer, more precise measurements

45
Q

What happens if you use white light instead of a monochromatic light source in a diffraction experiment?

A

Central white fringe, maxima become spectra, because different wavelengths in white light are diffracted different amounts.

46
Q

What is a stationary wave?

A

The superposition of two progressive waves with the same wavelength, moving in opposite directions.

47
Q

How to test whether waves are plane polarised?

A

Take polaroid/metal grille and rotate it in front of transmitter with detector behind. If reading of 0 occurs, then they are plane polarised.

Physics (16 decks)

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