Wave 2

Question 1

wave 2 was between the years

Answer 1

2007 - 2012

Question 2

wave 2

Answer 2

defining the problem and measurement

Question 3

What was the focus of the National Crusade for Quality in Health Care?

Answer 3

The focus was on measuring the magnitude of the patient safety problem and providing a structure for focal points at various levels, including national, state, and hospital medical units.

Question 4

At what levels did the National Crusade for Quality in Health Care provide a structure for patient safety focal points?

Answer 4

The structure was provided at three levels:

National level.
State level.
Hospital medical unit level.

Question 5

Which international initiative did Mexico join as part of its patient safety efforts?

Answer 5

Mexico joined the World Health Organization (WHO) initiative as part of its patient safety efforts.

Question 6

Which countries did Mexico collaborate with in the Ibero-American Adverse Events Study?

Answer 6

Mexico worked with four other countries in the Latin American region and Spain’s Ministry of Health to develop the Ibero-American Adverse Events Study.

Question 7

What was the purpose of the Ibero-American Adverse Events Study?

Answer 7

The purpose of the study was to measure the magnitude of adverse events in healthcare settings and to collaborate on improving patient safety across the participating countries

Question 8

What region did Mexico work with for the Ibero-American Adverse Events Study?

Answer 8

Mexico worked with the Latin America region and Spain for the study.

Question 9

What was the focus of the IBEAS study conducted in 58 hospitals across five Latin American countries?

Answer 9

The IBEAS study focused on measuring the point prevalence of patients presenting an adverse event (AE) on the day of observation in 58 hospitals across five Latin American countries.

Question 10

How many inpatients were surveyed in the IBEAS study, and how many had at least one adverse event (AE) related to the care received?

Answer 10

A total of 11,379 inpatients were surveyed, and 1,191 patients (10.5%) had at least one adverse event (AE) related to the care received.

Question 11

What was the overall prevalence rate of adverse events (AE) found in the IBEAS study?

Answer 11

The prevalence rate of adverse events (AE) was 10.5%.

Question 12

What percentage of adverse events (AE) caused disability, and what percentage were associated with the death of the patient in the IBEAS study?

Answer 12

28% of adverse events (AE) caused disability, and 6% were associated with the death of the patient.

Question 13

What percentage of adverse events (AE) were considered preventable in the IBEAS study?

Answer 13

60% of adverse events (AE) were considered preventable.

Question 14

How were the adverse events (AE) distributed among different types of care in the IBEAS study?

Answer 14

13.4% related to patient management and nursing care.

8.2% related to medication.

37.1% related to hospital-acquired infections.

28.5% related to surgical procedures.

6.1% related to diagnosis.

Question 15

What were the five most frequent clinical consequences of adverse events (AE) in the IBEAS study, accounting for 36.2% of all adverse events?

Answer 15

The five most frequent clinical consequences were:

Hospital-acquired pneumonia (9.4%).

Surgical wound infections (8.2%).

Pressure ulcers (7.2%).

Other complications related to surgery or procedure (6.4%).

Sepsis (5%).

Question 16

What was the most common type of hospital-acquired infection identified as an adverse event (AE) in the IBEAS study?

Answer 16

The most common type of hospital-acquired infection was hospital-acquired pneumonia, accounting for 9.4% of all adverse events.

Question 17

What percentage of adverse events (AE) were related to surgical procedures in the IBEAS study?

Answer 17

28.5% of adverse events were related to surgical procedures.

Question 18

Which were the first two WHO patient safety campaigns adopted by Mexico?

Answer 18

Mexico adopted the following two WHO patient safety campaigns:

Clean Care is Safer Care in 2005.
Safe Surgery Saves Lives.

Question 19

What was the focus of the Clean Care is Safer Care campaign?

Answer 19

The Clean Care is Safer Care campaign focused on improving hand hygiene and infection prevention in healthcare settings to enhance patient safety.

Question 20

What was the aim of the Safe Surgery Saves Lives campaign?

Answer 20

The Safe Surgery Saves Lives campaign aimed to improve the safety of surgical care, including reducing errors and complications during surgeries.

Question 21

In what year did Mexico adopt the Clean Care is Safer Care campaign?

Answer 21

Mexico adopted the Clean Care is Safer Care campaign in 2005.

Question 22

What formal patient safety structures were established in Mexico to support patient safety initiatives?

Answer 22

Two formal patient safety structures were established:

The National Directorate for Patient Safety to implement the initiatives.

The National Quality Committee at the national level, mirrored by local quality committees in each state and hospital medical unit.

Question 23

What was the role of the National Directorate for Patient Safety?

Answer 23

The National Directorate for Patient Safety was created to implement patient safety initiatives across the country.

Question 24

What is the function of the National Quality Committee in Mexico’s healthcare system?

Answer 24

The National Quality Committee oversees the quality of healthcare services and patient safety. It is mirrored at the state level and at each hospital medical unit with local quality committees to ensure consistent implementation.

Question 25

How was the National Quality Committee structure replicated across Mexico?

Answer 25

The structure of the National Quality Committee was mirrored at the state level, with the establishment of local quality committees in every hospital medical unit.

Question 26

What is the role of the National Quality Committee in Mexico’s healthcare system?

Answer 26

unifying criteria for applying policies regarding quality and safety in patient care, sharing evidence-based medicine, and formulating recommendations.

It also monitors indicators of technical quality and perceived quality in institutions within the National Health System.

Question 27

Why were local quality committees established in hospital medical units?

Answer 27

Local quality committees were established to ensure that patient safety and quality improvement initiatives were consistently implemented and monitored at the hospital level.

Question 28

What are the three key focuses of the National Quality Committee in Mexico?

Answer 28

Unifying criteria for the application of policies on quality and patient safety.

Sharing evidence-based medicine.

Formulating recommendations and monitoring technical and perceived quality indicators in the National Health System.

Question 29

What type of indicators does the National Quality Committee monitor?

Answer 29

The National Quality Committee monitors indicators of technical quality and perceived quality in healthcare institutions.

Question 30

What is the purpose of unifying criteria within the National Quality Committee?

Answer 30

The purpose of unifying criteria is to standardize the application of policies related to quality and patient safety across the National Health System, ensuring consistent and effective practices.

Question 31

What is the National Directorate for Patient Safety (Dirección General de Calidad y Educación en Salud)?

Answer 31

The National Directorate for Patient Safety (Dirección General de Calidad y Educación en Salud) was created to implement patient safety initiatives across the National Health System in Mexico.

Question 32

What is the main role of the National Directorate for Patient Safety?

Answer 32

The main role of the National Directorate for Patient Safety is to implement and oversee patient safety initiatives aimed at improving the quality of healthcare across Mexico’s National Health System.

Question 33

Which entity is responsible for implementing patient safety initiatives in Mexico’s healthcare system?

Answer 33

The National Directorate for Patient Safety (Dirección General de Calidad y Educación en Salud) is responsible for implementing patient safety initiatives.