Watson and Rayner Flashcards

1
Q

What was the methodology?

A

One participant, 9 month old male baby
Controlled observation
Not a case study as it only focused on the response to the stimulus and not other aspects of his life
Not an experiment as only one condition measured

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why was the study not an experiment?

A

only one condition measured

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why was the study not a case study?

A

only focused on the response to the stimulus and not other aspects of his life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many sessions were there?

A

5 + emotional tests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What was the procedure of the emotional tests?

A

Shown objects and his response noted
White rat, rabbit, dog, wool, newspapers
Steel bar struck with hammer close to his head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How old was Albert during the first session?

A

11 months and 3 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What was the purpose of the first session?

A

To establish a conditioned emotional response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What was the procedure of the first session?

A

Presented with the rat, when Albert reached for it, the bar was struck behind his head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How old was Albert during the second session?

A

11 months and 10 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What was the purpose of the second session?

A

Testing the conditioned emotional response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What was the procedure of the second session?

A

Given the rat but no sound was made

5 counts of joint stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What was joint stimulation?

A

When Albert was shown the rat at the same time that the bar was struck behind his head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How old was Albert during the third session?

A

11 months and 15 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What was the purpose of the third session?

A

To see if the response was generalised to similar stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What was the procedure of the third session?

A

He was presented with objects his response noted

Fur coat, dog, rabbit, wooden blocks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What was the purpose of showing him wooden blocks?

A

They were a control stimuli to make sure his response was just to the objects and not his general emotional state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How old was Albert during the fourth session?

A

11 months and 20 days

18
Q

What was the purpse of the fourth session?

A

To see the effects of changing the environment

19
Q

What was the procedure of the fourth session?

A

Given more joint stimulation and taken to a well lit lecture theature with 4 other people present and sat on a table in the centre of the room before being shown stimuli

20
Q

How old was Albert during the last session?

A

12 months and 21 days

21
Q

What was the purpose of the last session?

A

To measure the effects of time

22
Q

What was the procedure of the last session?

A

Returned to the lab and shown stimuli

rat, mask, rabbit and dog

23
Q

What were the findings of the emotional tests?

A

No fear response to objects before conditioning
First time bar was struck: startled, raised arms and rapid breathing
Second time: Tremble
Third time: Crying

24
Q

What were the findings of the first session?

A

When bar was struck he fell forward but did not cry. The second time he fell forward and whimpered

25
What were the findings of the second session?
He just stared at the rat When he reached for it, the rat started to nuzzle and be pulled away In joint stimulation he became more and more distressed and tried to crawl away
26
What were the findings of the third session?
``` He played with blocks happily but was fearful of the rat Scared of the rabbit but not as much Not reallly scared of dog or coat No fear response with Watson's hair Cautious of cotton wool ```
27
What were the findings of the fourth session?
Less extreme but after joint stimulation it became more severe Positive reaction to woodel blocks
28
What were the findings of the fifth session?
Less extreme
29
What are the conclusions of the study?
Easy to make fear response Generalise to similar objects Phobias are aquired this way Freud was wrong about sucking thunb
30
What evaluative points can be made about the methodology and procedures?
Sample | Controlled conditions
31
How did Watson and Rayner ensure it was a controlled study?
Controlled environment Baseline condition of his reactions before conditioning Wooden blocks acted as a control condition to ensure his behaviour was only to fluffy animals
32
How was the sample in the study a negative point?
One participant Stable so can't generalise to unstable children Impossible to know if it was unique reactions
33
What points can be made when evaluating the findings and conclusions? (Alternative evidence)
Two process theory | Learning is not the only explanation
34
What is the two process theory?
Classical conditioning explains how they are aquired | Operant conditioning explains how they persist as avoidance of the phobia is negative reinforcement
35
Who came up with the two process theory?
Mowrer
36
How is learning not the only explanation for aquiring phobias?
Ozt: Traumatic events may have occured that have been forgotten Seligman: Biological prepardness where we are genetically programmed to make rapid reponses to certain stimuli and fear
37
What are the ethical issues and social implications?
Creating fear Psychological harm Lasting effects
38
Why is the fact that they created fear an ethical issue?
Unsure if it was excessive | Left a week between sessions not to traumatize him which shows they were aware
39
Why is psychological harm an ethical issue?
They stopped him sucking his thumb which made his experiance worse and made it more likely that he would suffer harm.
40
Why will the study have lasting effects?
Albert was removed from the hospital before deconditioning