Water, Vitamins and Minerals

Question 1

Functions of Water

Answer 1

• carrying nutrients and waste throughout body
• shock absorber for joints
• regulates body temperature through cooling effect of sweat

Question 2

Water deficiency and excess

Answer 2

DEFICIENCY
- diarrhoea 
- vomiting 
- SEVERE dehydration = muscle spasms , seizures, exhaustion
EXCESS
- very rare 
- poor absorption of essential nutrients

Question 3

How much of the human body consists of water

Answer 3

60%

Question 4

State the difference between vitamins and minerals

Answer 4

Vitamins are organic substances made by plants of animals whereas minerals are inorganic elements from earth, soil and water

Question 5

Difference between fat soluble vitamins and water soluble vitamins

Answer 5

Fat soluble vitamins dissolve in fats and oils whereas water soluble vitamins dissolve in water

Question 6

Deficiency and excess of water soluble vitamins

Answer 6

EXCESS = rare
DEFICIENCY = hypo-vitaminosis

Question 7

Deficiency and excess of fat soluble vitamins

Answer 7

DEFICIENCIES = not common
EXCESS = hyper-vitaminosis

Question 8

Vitamins functions

Answer 8

To facilitate the release of energy from carbohydrates, fats and proteins

Question 9

Describe water soluble vitamins

Answer 9

• transported easily and freely in the blood
• required in frequent amounts
• body cannot store majority of them therefore they pass through in urination

Question 10

Describe fat soluble vitamins

Answer 10

• require triglycerides for transport through the blood
• not required frequently
• stored in tissue and liver

Question 11

B1 functions

Answer 11

• assists in energy metabolism

- assist in breakdown of glucose

Question 12

B1 sources

Answer 12

• wholegrains
• pork
• seafood

Question 13

B1 deficancies

Answer 13

• enlarged heart
• cardiac failure
• fatigue
• poor memory

Question 14

B2 functions

Answer 14

• used in energy metabolism of macronutrients

- production of ATP

Question 15

B2 sources

Answer 15

milk and milk products

Question 16

B2 deficiencies

Answer 16

• fatigue

- depression

Question 17

B3 functions

Answer 17

used in energy metabolism

Question 18

B3 sources

Answer 18

• milk
• eggs
• poultry

Question 19

B3 deficiencies

Answer 19

• diarrohea
• abdominal pain
• vomiting

Question 20

Folate functions

Answer 20

Synthesis of DNA = formation of new cells

Question 21

Folate sources

Answer 21

• leafy greens

- flour

Question 22

Folate deficiencies

Answer 22

• weakness
• fatigue
• prevents neural rube defects of the foetus in first trimester of pregnancy

Question 23

B12 functions

Answer 23

• synthesis of DNA and RNA

- bone cell activity

Question 24

B12 sources

Answer 24

animal products

Question 25

B12 deficiencies

Answer 25

• weakness

- tiredness

Question 26

vitamin c name

Answer 26

absorbic acid

Question 27

vitamin c functions

Answer 27

• antioxidant
• enhances absorption of ion
• strengthens blood vessel walls

Question 28

vitamin c sources

Answer 28

• citrus fruits
• capsicum
• paprika

Question 29

vitamin c deficiencies

Answer 29

• scurvy

- bleeding gums

Question 30

vitamin d functions

Answer 30

helps increase blood concentration of calcium and phosphorus

Question 31

vitamin d sources

Answer 31

• sunlight
• plants
• milk

Question 32

vitamin d deficiencies

Answer 32

• rickets = resulting in weak bones in children

- osteoporosis = softening of bones

Question 33

vitamin d toxicity

Answer 33

raises calcium levels in the blood which can cause kidney stones

Question 34

Functions of Vitamin K

Answer 34

assists in blood clotting

Question 35

Vitamin K sources

Answer 35

• leafy greens
• cabbage
• milk