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Nutrition > Digestion and Metabolism > Flashcards

Digestion and Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of digestion

A

the bodies method of breaking down food in preparation for absorption

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2
Q

functions of the mouth

A
  • teeth chew

- tongue positions and tastes food

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3
Q

functions of the pharynx

A
  • passageway for food and air

- swallowing

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4
Q

functions of oesophagus

A

transports food from pharynx to stomach

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5
Q

functions of stomach

A
  • begins chemical digestion

- delivers bolus to small intestine

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6
Q

functions of large intestine

A
  • absorbs nutrients

- stores waste

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7
Q

functions of small intestine

A
  • digests macronutrients
  • absorbs nutrients
  • completes chemical digestion of macronutrients
  • delivers bolus to large intestine
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8
Q

function of rectum

A

passageway for faeces

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9
Q

functions of anus

A

expels undigested material

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10
Q

functions of salivary glands

A
  • saliva moistens food

- amylase digests starch

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11
Q

functions of liver

A
  • produces bile

- associated with processing and storing nutrients

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12
Q

functions of gallbladder

A

stores and concentrates bile

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13
Q

functions of pancreas

A

secretes digestive enzymes into small intestine

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14
Q

where are carbohydrates digested

A
  • mouth
  • small intestine
  • large intestine
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15
Q

which enzymes are involved with carbohydrate digestion

A
  • salivary amylase
  • pancreatic amylase
  • maltase, sucrase, lactase
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16
Q

where are proteins digested

A
  • stomach

- small intestine

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17
Q

what enzymes are associated with protein digestion

A
  • hydrochloric acid
  • gastric pepsin
  • trypsin and chymotrypsin
  • intestinal peptidase
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18
Q

where are lipids digested

A
  • mouth
  • stomach
  • small intestine
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19
Q

which enzymes are associated with lipid digestion

A
  • lingual lipase
  • bile
  • pancreatic lipase
20
Q

what does salivary amylase do

A

breaks down shorter polysaccharides and disaccharides in the mouth

21
Q

what does pancreatic amylase do

A

breaks down shorter polysaccharides and disaccharides in the small intestine

22
Q

what do maltase, sucrase and lactase do

A

break down monosaccharides into the bloodstream in the small intestine

23
Q

what does gastric pepsin and hydrochloric acid do

A

breaks down shorter polypeptide chains in the stomach

24
Q

what does trypsin and chymotrypsin do

A

break down single amino acids and short peptide chains into the bloodstream from the small intestine

25
Q

what does intestinal peptidase do

A

breaks down single amino acids into the blood stream from the small intestine

26
Q

what does lingual lipase do

A

breaks down short fatty acid chains in the mouth

27
Q

what does the enzyme bile do

A

breaks down small fat droplets in the small intestine

28
Q

what does pancreatic lipase do

A
  • breaks down short fatty acids into the bloodstream from small intestine
  • breaks down long fatty acids into lymphatic system
29
Q

describe digestion in the mouth

A
  • mastication
  • salivary amylase and lingual lipase
  • bolus passes through pharynx into oesophagus where peristalsis aids through schinter into stomach
30
Q

what is peristalsis

A

muscle contractions of oesophagus

31
Q

what are 3 segments of small intestine

A
  • duodenum
  • jejunum
  • ileum
32
Q

describe digestion in small intestine

A
  • chemical digestion completed

- pancreas, liver and gallbladder release secretions into duodenum

33
Q

chemical digestion of carbohydrates

A

mouth = salivary amylase breaks down starch
small intestine = pancreatic amylase break down polysaccarides
large intestine - soluble fibre fermented by bacteria

34
Q

chemical digestion of lipids

A

mouth = lingual lipase breaks down shorter fatty acid chains

small intestine = pancreatic lipase breack down small fat droplets into small fatty acid chains and glycerpl

35
Q

chemical digestion of proteins

A

stomach = hydrochloric acid uncoils each protein allowing gastric pepsin breaks peptide bonds making shorter polypeptide chains

small intestine = trypsin and chymotrypsin break down shorter peptide chains. intestinal peptidase completes digestion.

36
Q

what are villi

A

small spikes on small intestine increasing surface area and allow for greater diffusion of water and nutrients into bloodstream

37
Q

what are probiotics

A

bacteria found in certain foods providing numerous health benefits

38
Q

what is malabsorption

A

refers to difficulty absorbing nutrients.

39
Q

malabsorption diseases/conditions

A
  • coeliac disease
  • lactose intolerance
  • cholestasis
  • chron’s disease
40
Q

signs of malabsorption syndromes

A
  • pale and frothy stools

- diarrhea high in fat content

41
Q

treatment of malabsorption syndromes

A

avoiding or replacing substances malabsorbed

42
Q

coeliac disease

  • definition
  • symptoms
  • dietary management
A
  • response to gluten consumption. villi become damaged reducing area for absorption of nutrients
  • bloating, diarrhoea, vomiting, ab cramps
  • strict gluten free diet = NO CURE
43
Q

lactose intolerance

  • definition
  • symptoms
  • dietary management
A
  • inability to digest disaccaride lactose
  • bloating, excess gas
  • determine amount you can tolerate as eliminating can cause deficiancies
44
Q

how to calculate energy expenditure

A

BMR, physical activity, thermic effect

45
Q

how to calculate energy balance

A

intake - expenditure

46
Q

evaluate energy balance

A 
negative = weight loss
positive = weight gain
0 = good energy balance

Nutrition (6 decks)

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