Water Soluble Vitamins

Question 1

water soluble vitamins (are/aren’t) stored in appreciable amounts in body tissues

Answer 1

are NOT

Question 2

water soluble vitamins must be supplied on a ____ basis

Answer 2

daily

Question 3

water soluble vitamins are usually (toxic/non-toxic) in very large amounts…. becasue _____

Answer 3

non-toxic

the are rapidly excreted in the urine

Question 4

good sources of water soluble vitamins

Answer 4

green-leafy vegetables and plants
dairy products
meat
whole grains
yeast

Question 5

Thiamin (B1)

1. Major Function:
2. Deficiency Symptoms:

Answer 5

1. Thiamin is phosphorylated in the liver to form thiamin pyrophosphate which converts pyruvic acid to acetyl coenzyme A
2. convulsions
   - cardiovascular disturbances
   - anorexia
   - emaciation
   - beriberi in humans

*important in the Krebs cycle!

Question 6

Riboflavin (B2)

1. Major Function:
2. Deficiency Symptoms:

Answer 6

1. component of coenzyme flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)
2. dermatitis
   - weight loss
   - curled to paralysis in birds

*involved in the Krebs cycle!

Question 7

Niacin (B3)

1. Major Function:
2. Deficiency Symptoms:

Answer 7

1. constituent of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and NADP
2. diarrhea
   - dermatitis
   - dementia
   - death
   - inflammation and ulceration of the mouth

Question 8

Pyridoxine (B6)

1. Major Function:
2. Deficiency Symptoms:

Answer 8

component of the coenzyme pyridoxal phosphate

1. involved in amino acid decarboxylation and transamination
   * B6 is important in protein metabolism!
2. skin lesions
   - convulsions
   - anemia

Question 9

Vitamin B12

1. Major Function:
2. Deficiency Symptoms:
3. Unusual Because:

Answer 9

1. a crucial component of several coenzymes
2. anemia
   - hatching problems in hens
3. produced only by microbes
   - in foods of animal origin only, plants dont need or produce B12!

Question 10

Pantothenic Acid

1. Major Function:
2. Deficiency Symptoms:

Answer 10

1. component of acetyl coenzyme A molecule
2. dermatitis
   - loss of hair

Question 11

Biotin

1. Major Function:
2. Deficiency Symptoms:

Answer 11

1. in the coenzyme carboxylase, which is important in glucose, amino acid and fatty acid metabolism
2. dermatitis and loss of hair
   - perosis in chicks

Question 12

Choline

1. Major Function:
2. Deficiency Symptoms:

Answer 12

1. a component of lecithin (essential for cell membranes)
   - a component of acetyl choline (necessary for nerve impulse transmission)
2. perosis in chicks
   - poor reproduction in swine
   - fatty liver and kidney degeneration in other species

Question 13

Folic Acid

1. Major Function:
2. Deficiency Symptoms:

Answer 13

1. involved in enzyme systems that incorporate single C units into larger molecules
2. anemia (related to B12)

Question 14

Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)

1. Major Function:
2. Deficiency Symptoms:

Answer 14

1. collagen metabolism
   - iron absorption
   - antioxidant and hydrogen transport
2. scurvy
   - bleeding gums
   - slow wound healing
   - hemorrhaging
   - anemia