Energy Part II

Question 1

Exergonic Reactions

Answer 1

give off free energy

Question 2

Endergonic Reactions

Answer 2

require energy to be added

-this energy comes from high energy bonds

Question 3

Sources of energy

Answer 3

Macro Nutrients

• carbohydrates
• fats
• proteins

Question 4

Carbohydrates:

Monosaccharides

Answer 4

glucose

fructose

Question 5

Carbohydrates:

Disaccharides

Answer 5

sucrose (glucose + fructose)

maltose (glucose + glucose)

Question 6

Carbohydrates:

Polysaccharides

Answer 6

either plant or animal source

-glycogen is the most common (animal)

Question 7

Fats:
1 g = __kcal
____ in water
4 groups

Answer 7

one gram = 9.4 kcal
insoluble in water
4 Groups:
-fatty acids
-triglycerides (3 fatty acids + glycerol)
-phospholipids
-steroids

Question 8

Proteins:
1 g = __kcal
composed of __ different amino acids and __ essential amino acids

Answer 8

one gram = 5.6 kcal
composed of 20 different amino acids
9 essential amino acids

Question 9

ATP:
____, ___, ____
may form ATP from __ or __
what yields energy?

Answer 9

• Adenosine, ribose and phosphates!
• may form ATP from ADP or AMP
• the breaking of the phosphate bonds by ATPase yields energy
• cell uses exergonic reactions to form ATP via endergonic reactions
• ATP is used again

Question 10

Glycolysis:

1. Purpose
2. Phases

Answer 10

1. Production of ATP without oxygen
   - enzymatically catalyzed coupled reactions
2. energy INVESTMENT (2 ATP!)
   - energy GENERATED (4 ATP!)