Water Quality Flashcards
Scientific name of the Banded Coral shrimp?
stenopus hispidus
what does a Banded Coral shrimp look like?
Shrimp with bands
behavior of a Banded Coral shrimp
Aggressive toward own species
location of Banded Coral shrimp
Only in Indonesia
molting process of Banded Coral shrimp
Molting takes 2 days; hides during
Banded Coral shrimp are intolerant of?
Intolerant of high Nitrate/ copper
what type of predator is a Banded Coral shrimp?
Scavenger
Scientific name of the Butterfly fish
chaetodon spp.
location of Butterfly fish
Tropical/ subtropical waters in coral reefs
size of Butterfly fish
4-5 in in length
what does a Butterfly fish look like?
dark spots on bodies and dark bands on eyes, mouth is more pointed downward than angel fish
sleeping habits of a Butterfly fish
diurnal animals- feed during day rest at night
Butterfly fish eating habits
feed on plankton and crustaceans
Butterfly fish mating habits
mate for life
Butterfly fish species status
in danger due to water pollution and habitat lose
Butterfly fish life span
10 year life
Scientific name of the Crown of Thorns starfish
acanthaster planci
Crown of Thorns starfish are native to
coral eating starfish native to indo-pacific ocean
Crown of Thorns starfish are important because
important in coral reef, feeds on fastly growing coral to allow slow growing coral to grow more- control coral growth
low number of Crown of Thorns starfish can cause/
high number of Crown of Thorns starfish can cause
low number of starfish corals can recover naturally occur, high number of starfish and coral can’t recover (crown of thorns starfish outbreak)
Crown of Thorns starfish reaction to nutrients
increased nutrients= more starfish
larva use nutrients to grow big
Crown of Thorns starfish outbreaks
outbreaks caused by flood
what does Fleshy Algae do
fleshy algae or seaweed takes over less built coral reefs and destroys them
Fleshy Algae growth of pop
overfishing- less fish to feed on them
direct nutrient pollution
Fleshy Algae problems with over pop
less diverse
coral taken over by algae discs
Grouper >30cm scientific name
serranidae, epinephelinae
Grouper >30cm location
located west coast of Africa, southern Americas coast
Grouper >30cm behavior
very territorial- displays open mouth and quivering body as a warning to intruders then it will “growl”
also travels great distances
Grouper >30cm habitat
likes bottom of coral reefs
Grouper >30cm status in sea bass family
largest member of sea bass family
Grouper >30cm physical characteristics
very long, not very wide
has bands on body (3-4)
Grouper >30cm uses _________ to find others of its species
uses echolocation to find others of its species
Grouper >30cm’s predators
bigger fish eat them (very few natural predators)
Grouper >30cm’s prey
prey on crustaceans
Grouper >30cm reproductive system
Protogynous hermaphrodites- start as male -> go to female
Hard coral behavior
may look/ act like plants but are animals
colonial- group together
Hard coral relatives
closely related to jelly fish
Hard coral body parts
each polyp (coral)- has mouth, stomach, and can feed/ breathe on its own
Hard coral requirements for survival
clear water
access to sunlight
low nutrient levels
water temp range 16-35 ºc
how do Hard coral obtain energy
gain most of its energy from tiny algae called zooxanthelle (autotrophic) which live inside of them
coral provides safe place for algae to live in return they get energy
Hard coral difference from soft coral
hard coral has smooth tentacles and hard skeleton, soft corals have feathers and are squishy and spongy
reef Lobster scientific name
endoplometopus antillensis
reef Lobster physical traits
bright color with rings or spots, small (4-5 in)
reef Lobster behavior
nocturnal
reef Lobster claws
shallow cervical groove (pinchers)
reef Lobster- human interference
popular in aquariums but capturing causes reduction in pop and destruction of coral reef
Moray eel scientific name
muraenide
Moray eel physical traits
actually brown, yellow tint of mucous gives green color
tube like nostrils that they use to locate prey
gills at back of head
Moray eel location
found in warm temperate waters everywhere
largest pop in tropical reef
Moray eel number of species
200 different species
Moray eel food chain status
top of food chain
Moray eel fertilization
fertilization is oviparous (eggs and sperm fertilize outside of womb) by technique called spawning
Long-spined black sea urchins scientific name
diadema antilarum
Long-spined black sea urchins location
Atlantic ocean
Long-spined black sea urchins physical traits
spines are long and up to 4 times the diameter of organism
thin, hollow, break easy
Long-spined black sea urchins behavior
very light sensitive
waves its spines to move away from shadows
Parrot fish reason for name
called parrot because the have fused teeth that form beak like plates that make them look like parrots
Parrot fish physical traits
have thick large scales
females= dull color
males= bright color
Parrot fish reproductive system
hermaphroditic
females -> males
Parrot fish’s prey
feed on algae that could hurt the coral
Parrot fish habitat
live everywhere in coral reefs
Pencil urchin physical traits
look like long- spined urchins except spines are shorter, thicker, and rounder
Pencil urchin location
east coast of America to west coast of Africa
Sponges structure
multicellular
simple organisms
porous
Sponges membrane material
membrane is made out of mesophyll (jelly)
Sponges systems
don’t eat, have a brain, or circulatory system
water flows through, sponge takes in oxygen and remove waste
Sweetlips scientific name
Haemulidae Plectorhinchus spp.
Sweetlips reason for name
Named for protruding lips live in clusters or pairs
Sweetlips feeding habits
Nocturnal feeding habits
Sweetlips habitat
Hide in coral
Sweetlips physical traits
Patterns change from when they’re a baby ->adult
Triton scientific name
Charonia spp.
Triton’s prey
Eat crown of thorn starfish, along with other prey
how do Tritons feed?
Hold down prey, then paralyzing it with saliva then eating it
Barramundi Cod location
Indo-pacific region
Barramundi Cod reproductive system/ habits
Both genders at same time
Catadromus, live in fresh water, have babies in the sea
Barramundi Cod physical traits
Leopard wanting to be a cheetah
Barramundi Cod’s prey
Eat crustaceans, mollusks, and small fish(including own species)
Barramundi Cod behavior
Hide in the caves of coral reefs
Bumphead Parrotfish location
Indo-pacific region
Bumphead Parrotfish scientific name
Bolbometopon muricatum
Bumphead Parrotfish physical traits
Largest of all parrot fish
Blue, green, slate greyish
Bumphead Parrotfish behavior
Friendly with each other
Bumphead Parrotfish’s prey
Eat algae and live coral
Bumphead Parrotfish reproductive system
Start male ->female
how does a Bumphead Parrotfish eat?
Use bumphead to bump into coral to break off pieces which it eats
Bumphead Parrotfish status
Categorized as vulnerable b/c of overfishing
Bumphead Parrotfish problems
Destroy coral reefs
Humphead wrasse scientific name
cheilines undulatus
Humphead wrasse status
Naturally rare
Humphead wrasse reproductive system
hermaphrodites, so some females become males
Humphead wrasse life span
30 years
Humphead wrasse Diet
molluscs, fish, sea urchins, crustaceans, toxic crown of thorns starfish, boxfish and sea hares
Humphead wrasse region
Indo-Pacific region
Giant Clam scientific name
tridacna spp
Giant Clam status
vulnerable
Giant Clam region
indo-pacific region
Giant Clam Diet
consume sugars and proteins produced by the algae they protect
Giant Clam muscles
close to slowly to surprise prey
Giant Clam life span
100+ year life span
Giant Clam habitat
stays in one spot for life
Sea Cucumber relations
related to starfish
Sea Cucumber physical traits
black, brown, or olive green. They have bumpy, leathery skin,
Sea Cucumber diet
dead organisms in mud or plankton
Sea Cucumber region
indo-pacific region
Flamingo Tongue Snail scientific name
cyphoma gibbosum
Flamingo Tongue Snail color pattern cause
living animal inside produces color pattern
Flamingo Tongue Snail diet
eats toxic sea fans- to become toxic itself
Flamingo Tongue Snail region
atlantic
Nassau Grouper scientific name
Epinephelus striatus
Nassau Grouper status
overfished
Nassau Grouper region
atlantic region- south Florida
Nassau Grouper fertilisation
occurs in water after eggs and sperm are released
Gorgonia other name
sea whips or sea fans
Gorgonia diet
plankton
Gorgonia region
atlantic region
Gorgonia relations
closely related to coral
polyps
dead coral
coral bleaching
coral expels colorful alge and kills reef leaves ghost color
zooxanthelae
endosymbiotic relationship, unicellular, algae
salinity
salt content
nekton
all organisms that swim independent of current
benthos
near bottom layer of sea
zooplankton
larger version of photo plankton
calcium carbonate
dissolves in contact with acid; in coral
costal zone
near coast/ land and warm nutrient rich, sun can penetrate, shallow edge
continentaal shelf
200m (shallow) seabed surronding a contient
estuary
fresh water that merges with salt water -> ocean
marshes
soft wet land w/o trees lots of plants and animals
swamps
marsh with trees
costal wetlands
land covered in water for most/ all year, seasonal
intertidal zone
portion b/t high low tide, shallow zone of the ocean where land meets water
