Anatomy Immmune Flashcards
what is the immune system
cells, tissues, and organs, that protects body against microbes (bacteria, fungi, and parasites.)
viruses= not living
self and non self moelcules
key to healthy= be able to tell between self and non self cells
self cell
has identifier
non self
doesnt recongize= attack
antigen
tiggers immune response
why tissue transplants may be rejected
autoimmune disesase
body attacks itself when it mistakes its cells for antigens
allergn= allergy
structures
lympatic- home to lympocytes (white blood cells)
includes- thymus, spleen, tonsils, lymph nodes
bone marrow
makes blood cells
lymphocytes
t lympocytes or t- cells mature in the thymus and migrate to other tissue
neutrophils
defend against bacteria and fungi
basophils
allergic and allergen response
eosinophils
parasitic and allergy
Lymphocytes
- circulate in blood and lymph
- found in spleen, thymus, bone marrow,lymph nodes, tonsils, and liver
- provide immunity against antigens through humoral immunity and cell mediated immunity
- humoral is identifying antigens prior to cell infection
- cell mediated is active destruction of infected or cancerous cells
Types of lymphocytes
T-cells b-cells and natural killer cells, b and t lymphocytes critical for specific immune responses
B cells
See certain antigen they create antibodies which are critical to humoral immunity because they travel through the body and fight specific antigens
T cells
Help in cell mediated immunity because they have T cells receptors that are in cell membrane and recognize different types of anti gens, three types cytotoxic helper and regulatory
Types of T cells
- Cytotoxic get rid of cells by lysing them
- helper help B cells make antibodies and make substances to activate other t cells
- regulatory/ suppressor suppress b and T cell response to antigens
Natural killer cells
Like cytotoxic T cells but not specific they attach to cells and if the cells activates to many of its receptors the killing mechanism turns off, it also contains granules with chemicals that break down cancerous cells, they can also force cells to die if infected
Memory cells
Some t and B cells become these they live in lymph nodes and spleen last the persons life time and if enough are produced then they can give immunity because if the antigen is encountered again they react by producing antibodies more quickly for a longer period of time
AIDS stands for?
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (caused by HIV)
HIV stands for?
human immunodeficiency virus
spread by?
- body fluid (sex and blood)
- people get HIV and then develop AIDS the resulting infections lead to death
T-cell specifics
- CD4; “helper cells” initiate bodies response to infection; HIV infects these cells to replicate, immune system becomes weaker making it easier to get infected
- CD8; NKC fight dance and viruses and create antibodies
HIV and AIDS
weaken immune system
