Water + Public Health Flashcards
What is drinking water regulated under?
*Water Supply (Water Quality) Regulations 2016,
*Private Water Supplies (England) Regulations 2016.
What 2 microbiological agents must be absent to guarantee quality?
*Escherichia coli
*Enterococci
What parameters reflect acceptability of water to consumer?
*Appearance
*Taste
*Odour of water
What year was the Drinking Water Inspectorate established in?
1990
provide independent assurance that the water industry delivers safe, clean drinking water to consumers.
Where does lead contamination come from?
Old lead plumbing seen in older buildings
Where does nickel contamination come from?
Associated with installation of new water fittings in the home (chrome taps)
Where does coliform contamination come from?
Coliforms are extremely common on surfaces and are used as an indicator of environmental contamination
Three quarters of coliform failures were traced to the kitchen tap.
Where does taste and odour contamination come from?
*Half of the taste samples and a third of the odour failures were found to be caused by deficiencies in the domestic plumbing.
*Other causes include algal breakdown products from rivers or
reservoirs in the catchment.
Where does pollution come from?
*Agriculture
*Abandoned metal mines
*Waste water
*Physical modifications to environment
*towns, cities + transport
*What are protozoan waterborne pathogens?
*Cryptosporidium - diarrhoea + death is susceptible cases
*Giardia lamblia - mild - severe diarrhoea
What are virus waterborne pathogens?
*Hepatitis A - infectious hepatitis= jaundice + fever
*Caliciviruses - gastroenteritis = vomiting + diarrhoea
*Enteroviruses - gastroenteritis, heart anomalies, menigitis
What are bacteria waterborne pathogens?
*Campylobacter - gastroenteritis
*E.coli - gastroenteritis
*Salmonella typhi - typhoid fever
*Salmonella - salmonellosis
*Shigella - shigellosis
*Legionella - legionellosis
Vibrio vulnificus - gastroenteritis
