Water, pH, and Macromolecules Flashcards
1
Q
Carbohydrates
A
- quick energy
- few structural carbs
2
Q
Proteins
A
- Structual- keratin, collogen
- Transport- hemoglobin
- Defense- antibodies
- Hormones- insulin
- Movement- muscles
3
Q
Lipids
A
- Store energy
- Insulation
- Make ip part of cell membranes
- Waterproof coverings
- Estrogen and testosterone are lipid hormones
4
Q
Nucleic Acid
A
- DNA, RNA
- tell cells what to do by telling them what proteins to make
5
Q
DNA
A
- double stranded
- A,T,C,G
- NO U
- deoxyribos
6
Q
RNA
A
- single stranded
- A,U,C,G
- NO T
- ribose
7
Q
Carbohydrate Types
A
- Mnosaccarides- 1 simple sugar
ex. glucose, fructose, ribode, galactose, deoxyribose - Disaccarides- 2 simple sugars
ex. sucrose, lactose, maltose - Polysaccarides- many simple sugars put together
ex. starch, cellulose, glycogen, chitin
8
Q
Lipid Examples
A
- fats
- waxes
- oils
- phospholipids
- steroids
9
Q
Protein Examples
A
- kerotin
- collogen
- hemoglobin
- enzymes
- insulin
- antibodies
10
Q
Nucleic Acids Examples
A
- DNA, RNA
11
Q
Peptide Bonds
A
- special type of bond that cannect amino acids in a protein
12
Q
Protein Subunits
A
- made up of monimers called amino acids
13
Q
Carbohydrate Subunits
A
- Made up of monimers called simple sugars
14
Q
Lipid Subunits
A
- made up of monimers called fatty acids
15
Q
Nucleic Acid Subunits
A
- made up of monimers called nucleotides
16
Q
Organic and Inorganic
A
- Organic contains carbon, inorganic does not contain carbon
17
Q
Most Common Elements in Living Things
A
- Carbon
- Hydrogen
- Oxygen
- Nitrogen
- Phosphates
- Sulfur
18
Q
Elements in Carbohydrates
A
- Carbon
- Hydrogen
- Oxygen
19
Q
Elements in Lipids
A
- Carbon
- Hydrogen
- Oxygen
20
Q
Elements in Proteins
A
- Carbon
- Hydrogen
- Oxygen
- Nitrogen
21
Q
Elements in Nucleic Acids
A
- Carbon
- Hydrogn
- Oxygen
- Nitrogen
- Phosphate
22
Q
Dehydration Synthesis Reactions
A
- Loses water
- Builds macromolecules
23
Q
Hydrolysis Reaction
A
- Adds water
- Breaks macromolecules
24
Q
Characteristics of Enzymes
A
- 3-D proteins
- Has active sites where the substrait binds
- can put things together or break them apart
- enzymes act as catalsts
- lozer the amount of activation energy required
25
What can Effect Enzyme Function?
* Temperature, pH, Salinity, Denaturation
26
Water
* Is polar
* has polar covalent bonds
* has covalent bonds
27
Properties of Water
* Cohesion
* Adhesian
* High Specific Heat
* High Heat of Vaporation
* Universal Solvent
* Solid form is lese dense than liquid form
28
Buffers
* Regulates pH
* involved in maintaining homeostasis
* accepts or donates hydrogen ions
29
Saturated Fats
* All bonds are single bonds
* solid at room temperature
* completely saturated with hydrogen
* comes from animal products
* ex. butter, bacon, cheese
30
Unsaturated Fats
* Not completely saturated with hydrogen
* not all single bonds, has some double bonds
* liquid at room temperature
* come from plant products
* ex. olive oil, canola oil, sunflower oil
31
Primary Structure
* Linear sequence of amino acids
* determined by DNA
32
Secondary Structure
* String of amino acids start to fold
* Hydrogen bonds start to form between one part of a string to another part of the string
* Shapes are alphahelix and beta pleated sheets
33
Tetiary Structure
* 3-D globular structure
* R groups are involved
34
Quaternary Structure
* more than one tertiary structure linked together
* Hemoglobin
