Water/Molecules quiz Flashcards
Polarity
the property of having poles or being polar
what causes polarity
uneven partial charge distribution between various atoms in a compound.
polar substance
are those that possess regions of positive and negative charge
nonpolar substance
has no separation of charge, so no positive or negative poles are formed.
Why don’t nonpolar substances mix with polar substances?
because non polar are hydrophobic- if something is hydrophobic it doesn’t mix into water
Explain how polarity leads to surface tension.
Because of their polarity, water molecules are strongly attracted to one another, which gives water a high surface tension. The molecules at the surface of the water “stick together” to form a type of ‘skin’ on the water, strong enough to support very light objects.
Describe how hydrogen bonds can cause adhesion and cohesion.
Cohesion holds hydrogen bonds together to create surface tension on water. Since water is attracted to other molecules, adhesive forces pull the water toward other molecules. Cohesion: stick together work together-Adhesion- stick to other things
macromolecules
big molecules
polymer
any of a class of natural or synthetic substances composed of very large molecules, called macromolecules, which are multiples of simpler chemical units called monomers.
monomer
a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer.
dehydration synthesis
the creation of larger molecules from smaller monomers where a water molecule is released. Take away water come together
hydrolysis
A chemical reaction in which water is used to break down a compound. Add water break apart
Which process synthesizes big molecules from smaller parts?
anabolic reactions
Which process decomposes big molecules into smaller parts?
catabolic reactions
What atoms are found in carbs? In what ratio?
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
C:H:O
1:21
Monosaccharide
a simple sugar, like
glucose—a source of
energy for plants.
disaccharide
A disaccharide is the result of 2
monosaccharides together.
Sucrose, or table sugar, is an example of a
disaccharide.
polysaccharide
is many monosaccharides. Ex- Glycogen, starch, cellulose
Functions of Carbohydrates
They’re the body’s primary source of energy and the brain’s preferred energy source- short energy
lipids
are large molecules made up of carbon, hydrogen
and oxygen, but in no specific ratio.
examples of lipids
fatty acids, triglycerides, and
phospholipids. a fat or
an oil,
Saturated vs Unsaturated fats (structural and physical property differences)
Saturated fatty acids lack double bonds between the individual carbon atoms, while in unsaturated fatty acids there is at least one double bond in the fatty acid chain. Saturated fats tend to be solid at room temperature and from animal sources, while unsaturated fats are usually liquid and from plant sources.
Phospholipids: where are they found
that make up all
biological membranes.
Importance of hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails
The hydrophilic heads attract water into the membrane and are then propelled away by the hydrophobic tails.
function of lipids
the main biological functions of lipids include storing energy
proteins
are
molecules made from
carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen and nitrogen.-They are complex
molecules made up of
amino acids.
amino acids
are the
building blocks of
proteins.
There are 20 amino
acids.
Proteins are made
through a cell process
called “protein synthesis”.
protein function
form muscles, transport O2, and act as hormones and enzymes
nucleotides
The monomers of DNA
Nucleotides have three components
a base, a sugar (deoxyribose) and a phosphate residue.
four bases are
adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T)
The sugar and phosphate create
a backbone down either side of the double helix.
Compare and contrast the shape and structure of polynucleotides (DNA vs. RNA)
While DNA is double-stranded, forming a double helix shape, RNA is single-stranded, and its chains are significantly shorter than DNA chain
Sugar
DNA
RNA
deoxyribose- dna
ribose- rna
Bases
DNA
RNa
dna- C G A T
rna- C G A U= uracil
