Cell Respiration & Photosynthesis Test Flashcards
What is ATP
Adenosine Triphosphate is an energy carrying molecule in the cells of all living things
How is ATP converted into ADP
When one phosphate group is removed by breaking a phosphoanhydride bond in a process called hydrolysis, energy is released, and ATP is converted to adenosine diphosphate (ADP).
How does ADP turn back into ATP
ADP is continually converted to ATP by the addition of a phosphate during the process of cellular respiration.
What is the purpose of cellular respiration?
Its purpose is to break down glucose in the form of atp.
How are breathing and cellular respiration related?
In Breathing, CO2 & O2 are exchanged between your lungs and the air. In Cellular Respiration cells use the O2 obtained through the breathing to breakdown fuel, releasing CO2 as a waste product.
What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic?
Aerobic- With Air
Anaerobic- Without Air
Provide the overall BALANCED chemical equation for cellular respiration.
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O.
List the cellular regions where Glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) occur.
Glycolysis- Chloroplast
Krebs Cycle- Mitochondrial Matrix
ETC- Inner Membrane Space
Compare the reactants, products, and energy yield of the three stages of cellular respiration. (How much ATP is produced in each stage?)
Glycolysis- 2
Krebs Cycle- 2
ETC- 30-32
Describe the structure of chloroplasts and their location in a leaf.
Chloroplasts are commonly found in guard cells located in plant leaves. Chloroplasts are oval-shaped and have two membranes: an outer membrane and an inner membrane. Between the outer and inner membrane is the intermembrane space
Identify specifically where most light energy is converted to chemical energy.
chlorophyll-containing cells of photosynthetic organisms.
Explain how plants produce oxygen.
Photosynthesis in plants takes place in chloroplasts,
converts carbon dioxide and water into organic molecules, and releases oxygen.
Compare the reactants and products of the light reactions and the Calvin cycle and explain how photosynthesis relates to these reactions.
Light reactions convert solar energy to chemical energy. They use light energy to drive the synthesis of two molecules: ATP and NADPH. This stage of photosynthesis does not produce sugar. The Calvin cycle makes sugar from carbon dioxide. The ATP powers the sugar synthesis and the NADPH provides the high energy electrons for the reduction of carbon dioxide to glucose.
Inputs and outputs of photosynthesis?
Inputs to photosynthesis: CO2, light, H2O
Outputs: sugar, O2
Explain how photosystems capture solar energy.
Sunlight is absorbed by a pigment in the photosynthetic reaction center of the photosystem, causing electrons to increase in energy.
Explain how the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis generate ATP, NADPH, and oxygen in the light reactions.
When an excited electron falls down the chain, it releases energy that aids in the synthesis of ATP by chemiosmosis (the active transfer of H⁺ through a permeable membrane). After photosystem II, the excited e⁻ from that process is passed through a short electron transport chain to NADP⁺ changing it to NADPH.
Describe the reactants and products of the Calvin cycle. Explain why this cycle is dependent on the light reactions.
The reactants are CO2, NADPH, and ATP.
Products- Glucose
the necessary energy carriers (ATP and NADPH) are products of light-dependent reactions.
Photosynthesis
Chloroplast
Inputs-Sun Carbon Water
Outputs-Glucose, Oxegyn
Glycolysis
Cytoplasm
Glucose Nad+
2atp, pyruvates, nadh
krebs cycle
Mito Matrix
2 pyruvates, FADH, NADH
Carbon, FADH2, NADH
ETC
Inner Membrane Space
Oxygen NADH FADH
H2O NADH2 FAD ATP
Cellular Respiration
Mitochondria
Glucose, Oxygen
Carbon, H2O, ATP
Photosystem II
Thylakoid Membrane
Takes water and sun and turns it into atp
Photosystem I
Unstacked Thylakoid
Takes sun and nadp+ and turns it into nadph
Calvin Cycle
Chloroplast Stroma
takes nadph, atp and carbon and turns it into Nadp+ and glucose
Organisms, like green plants, that can make their own food using energy from the sun are called
autotrophs
The gel-filled space inside the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid stacks is called the
stroma
🅿 __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ I and II contain chlorophyll and absorb light energy during the 🅻 __ __ __ __ - 🅳 __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ reactions.
photosystems / light-dependent
During the light dependent reactions, H⁺ ions build up in the 🆃 __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ space when 🆆 __ __ __ __ molecules are split.
2/2
thylakoid, water
The enzymes for the light dependent reactions are found in the 🆃 __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ - 🅼 __ __ __ __ __ __ __ , while the Calvin cycle happens in the 🆂 __ __ __ __ __.
···
/2
thylakoid membrane / stroma
The stacks of thylakoids found inside chloroplasts are called
granum
The light independent reactions are also called the 🅲 __ __ __ __ __ - 🅲 __ __ __ __.
calvin cycle
Carbon and oxygen from 🅲 __ __ __ __ __ - 🅳 __ __ __ __ __ __ end up as part of a 🅶 __ __ __ __ __ __ molecule following the Calvin cycle.
carbon dioxide / glucose
🅰 __ __ and 🅽 __ __ __ __ are made during the 🅻 __ __ __ __ dependent reactions and carry energy and high energy electrons that are used during the Calvin cycle to produce 🆂 __ __ __ __ __, like glucose.
atp, nadph, light, sugars
Electrons are transferred along the membrane from Photosystem II to Photosystem I using the 🅴 __ __ __ __ __ __ __ - 🆃 __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ - 🅲 __ __ __ __.
etc
🆃 __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ , amount of 🆆 __ __ __ __ , and 🅻 __ __ __ __ intensity are all factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis.
temperature / water / light
All organisms get the ENERGY they need to regenerate ATP from
foods like glucose
What is the ultimate source of energy autotrophs use produce their own food?
sun
A student conducts an experiment by collecting the gas given off by a green plant in bright sunlight at room temperature. The gas being collected is probably
oxegyn
Write the complete overall chemical equation for photosynthesis using chemical symbols instead of words.
6CO₂ + 6H₂O (+ sunlight)⟶ C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
Which step is the beginning of photosynthesis?
Pigments in photosystem II absorb light.
Which molecule acts as a carrier for high energy electrons during photosynthesis?
nadp+
How is the Calvin cycle different from the light-dependent reactions?
in stroma
Carbon dioxide molecules enter the l̲i̲g̲h̲t̲-̲d̲e̲p̲e̲n̲d̲e̲n̲t̲ ̲r̲e̲a̲c̲t̲i̲o̲n̲s̲ from the atmosphere.
false enter light independent
𝙏𝙧𝙪𝙚 𝙤𝙧 𝙛𝙖𝙡𝙨𝙚: Photosynthesis uses energy from ATP and high energy electrons from NADPH produced in the l̲i̲g̲h̲t̲-̲d̲e̲p̲e̲n̲d̲e̲n̲t̲ ̲r̲e̲a̲c̲t̲i̲o̲n̲s̲ to make glucose in the Calvin cycle. (𝘐𝘧 𝘧𝘢𝘭𝘴𝘦, 𝘮𝘢𝘬𝘦 𝘪𝘵 𝘢 𝘤𝘰𝘳𝘳𝘦𝘤𝘵 𝘴𝘵𝘢𝘵𝘦𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵.)
true
The light-dependent reaction produces ATP, NADPH, and c̲a̲r̲b̲o̲n̲ ̲d̲i̲o̲x̲i̲d̲e̲.
false False. The light-dependent reaction produces ATP, NADPH, and 𝙤𝙭𝙮𝙜𝙚𝙣.
Electrons are energized t̲w̲i̲c̲e̲ during photosynthesis.
true
